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MSK > Spinal Anatomy > Flashcards

Spinal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae are there?

A

33

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2
Q

Clinical significance of C1 and C2

A

Allow for head rotation

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3
Q

Name of C7 and significant abnormality

A

Vertebrae Promines
Does not posses vertebral artery
May posses cervical rib

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4
Q

C7 is the attachment point for which muscle?

A

Scalenus Pleuralis

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5
Q

What is the blood supply to the cervical spine?

A

Segmental branches of ascending vertebral arteries

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6
Q

What type of joint is the intervertebral discs?

A

Fibrocartilaginous joints

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7
Q

What is the annulus fibrosis

A

Outer part of intervertebral discs

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8
Q

What is the gelatinous nucleus pulposis

A

Inner part of intervertebral discs

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9
Q

Name of C1 and C2 respectively

A

Atlas and Axis

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10
Q

Which spine has the greatest movement?

A

Cervical

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11
Q

Movements possible at the facet joints?

A

Flexion/extension

Lateral Flexion

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12
Q

What is spondylosis?

A

Water loss in the inter-vertebral discs due to aging, causing overloading on the spinal facet joints

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13
Q

What can help relieve spondylosis?

A

Facet joint injections under fluroscopy

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14
Q

Treatment for osteoarthritis (not in multilevel disease)

A

Localised fusion

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15
Q

Commonest area for disc water loss?

A

L4/5 and L5/S1

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16
Q

What is acute disc prolapse?

A

Tear of anulus due herniation or rupture of disc

17
Q

What does the spinal cord run through?

A

Vertebral Foramina of the vertebral column

18
Q

Motor cells originate ?

A

Anteriorly in the anterior horn

19
Q

Sensory cells originate

A

Dorsally in the dorsal root ganglion

20
Q

Where do mixed (motor and sensory) nerves exit?

A

Interertebral foramina

21
Q

Where do sensory and motor nerves run as two pairs in the spine?

A

The lumbar spine

22
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

L1

23
Q

At L1 what does the spinal cord become?

A

The cauda equina

24
Q

Where is the exiting nerve root?

A

Outside the thecal sac

25
Q

What does the exiting nerve pass under?

A

The pedicle of the corresponding vertebra

26
Q

Where is the transversing nerve root pair?

A

Remains in the thecal sac

is positioned anteriorly in preparation to penetrate and leave sac

27
Q

What does the transversing nerve root become when it pierces the thecal sac?

A

The exiting nerve root

28
Q

What nerve is commonly compressed in a disc prolapse?

A

The transversing nerve root

29
Q

What is radiculopathy?

A

Pain (tingling) down the sensory distribution of the dermatome

30
Q

What is radiculopathy known as in the leg?

A

Sciatica

31
Q

What is myelopathy?

A

When nerve root compression causes weakness in muscles of one dermatome

32
Q

What can cause spinal stenosis?

A

Ostoephytes or hypertrophied ligaments

by compressing nerve roots

33
Q

What is neurogenic claudication?

A

Burning sensation on walking

34
Q

Cause of Cauda Equina Syndrome

A

Pressure on all lumbar-sacral nerve roots due to prolapsed disc
Affects bowel and bladder movements
Also leads to saddle anaesthesia and loss of anal tone

35
Q

Significant muscles of the spine?

A

Iliocostalis
Longissimus Thoracis
Spinalis Thoracis
Erector Spinae

36
Q

Ligaments of the spine

A

Anterior/Posterior longitudinal ligaments
Ligamentum Flavum
Supraspinous
Interspinous

37
Q

What is a chance fracture?

A

A very unstable spinal fracture which consists of a tension-failure injury to the anterior column of the vertebral body and a transverse fracture through the posterior elements of the vertebra and the posterior portion of the vertebral body.

38
Q

Where can a lumbar puncture and spinal anaesthesia procedures be carried out?

A

L4

PSIS S2

MSK (5 decks)

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