lower limb muscles

Question 1

pririformis : function, origin and insertion

Answer 1

function: laterally rotates the extended femur at the hip joint and abducts flexed femur at hip joint.

origin: anterior surface of sacrum between anterior sacram foramina
insertion: medial side of the superior border of the greater trochanter of the femur

Question 2

obturator internus : function, origin and insertion

Answer 2

function: laterally rotates the extended femur at the hip joint

origin: anterolateral wall of true pelvis; deep surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone
insertion: medial side of greater trochanter of femur

Question 3

gemellus superior : function, origin and insertion

Answer 3

function: laterally rotates extended femur at hip joint; abducts flexed femur at hip joint

origin: external surface of ischial plane
insertion: along length of superior surface of obturator internus tendon and into medial side of greater trochanter of femur with obturator internus tendon.

Question 4

gemellus inferior : function, origin and insertion

Answer 4

function: laterally rotates extended femur at hip joint; abducts flexed femur at hip joint

Question 5

quadratus femoris : function, origin and insertion

Answer 5

function: laterally rotates femur at hip joint

origin: lateral of ischium just anterior to ischial tuberosity
insertion: quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur

Question 6

gluteus minimus

Answer 6

function: abducts femur at hip joint; medially rotates thigh

Question 7

gluteus medius

Answer 7

function: abducts femur at hip joint and medially rotates thigh

Question 8

gluteus maximus

Answer 8

function: extensor of femur at hip joint. laterally rotates and abducts thigh
origin: posterior ilium, lower sacrum (dorsal), (ETC)
insertion: posterior of iliotibial tract of fascia lata and gluteal tuberosity of proximal femur

Question 9

tensor fasciae latae

Answer 9

function: stabilizes knee in extension
origin: lateral aspect of crest of ilium between the ASIS and the tubercle of the crest
insertion: iliotibial tract of fascia lata

Question 10

psoas major: function, origin and insertion

Answer 10

function: flexes the thigh at the hip joint

origin: posterior abdominal wall ( lumbar transverse processes)
insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
- goes in the space b/w inguinal ligament and pelvis

Question 11

illiacus: function, origin and insertion

Answer 11

function: flexes thigh at hip joint

origin: posterior abdominal wall (iliac fossa)
insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
- goes in the space b/w inguinal ligament and pelvis

Question 12

vastus medialis : function, origin and insertion

Answer 12

function: extends leg at the knee joint
origin: femur - medial part of intertrochanteric line, pectineal line and medial lip of linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
insertion: quadriceps femoris tendon and medial border of patella

Question 13

vastus intermedius : function, origin and insertion

Answer 13

function : extends the leg at the knee joint

origin: upper two thirds of anterior and lateral surfaces on femur
insertion: quadriceps femoris tendon, lateral margin of patella and the lateral condyle of the tibia

Question 14

vastus lateralis: : function, origin and insertion

Answer 14

function: extends the leg at the knee joint
origin: lateral of intertrochanter line /margin of greater trochanter, lateral of gluteal tuberosity and lateral lip of linea aspera
insertion: quadricep femoris tendon and lateral patella

Question 15

rectus femoris: function, origin and insertion

Answer 15

function: flexes thigh at the hip joint and extends leg at knee joint
origin: straight head from AIIS , reflected head from ilium just superior to acetabulum
insertion

Question 16

sartorius: function, origin and insertion

Answer 16

function: flexes thigh at hip and flexes leg at knee joint
origin: ASIS
insertion: medial surface of tibia just inferomedial to tibial tuberosity

Question 17

Gracilis: function, origin and insertion

Answer 17

function: adducts thigh at hip joint and flexes leg at knee joint
origin: a line on external surfaces of the body of the pubix, the inferior pubic ramus, and the ramus of the ischium
insertion: medial surface of proximal shaft of tibia

Question 18

pectineus: function, origin and insertion

Answer 18

function: adducts and flexes thigh at hip joint
origin: pectineal line and adjacent bone of pubis
insertion: oblique line extending from base of lesser trochanter to linea aspera on posterior surface of proximal femur

Question 19

adductor longus: function, origin and insertion

Answer 19

function: adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip joint
origin: on pubis, inferior to pubic crest
insertion: linea aspera on middle one third of shaft of femur

Question 20

adductor brevis: function, origin and insertion

Answer 20

function: addicts and medially rotates thigh at hip joint
origin: body of pubis and inferior pubic ramus
insertion: posterior surface of proximal femur and upper one third of linea aspera

Question 21

adductor magnus: function, origin and insertion

Answer 21

function: adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip joint
origin: adductor part - ischiopubic ramus. hamstring part - ischial tuberosity
insertion: adductor part - posterior part of femur, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
hamstring part - adductor tubercle and supracondylar line

Question 22

obturator externus : function, origin and insertion

Answer 22

function: laterally rotates thigh at hip joint
origin: external surface of obturator membrane and adjacent bone
insertion: trochanteric fossa

Question 23

biceps femoris: function, origin and insertion

Answer 23

function: flexes leg at knee joint, extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint and laterally rotates leg at knee joint.
origin: long head - inferomedial part of upper area of ischial tuberosity. short head - lateral lip of linea aspera
insertion: head of tibia

Question 24

semitendinosus : function, origin and insertion

Answer 24

function: flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint. medially rotates thigh at hip joint and leg at knee joint
origin: inferomedial part of upper area of ischial tuberosity
insertion: medial surface of proximal tibia

Question 25

semimembranosus : function, origin and insertion

Answer 25

function: flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint. medially rotates thigh at hip joint and leg at knee joint origin: superolateral impression on the ischial tuberosity insertion: groove and adjacent bone on medial and posterior surface of medial tibial condyle

Question 26

gastrocnemius : function, origin and insertion

Answer 26

SUPERFICIAL GROUP ON LOWER LEG (POSTERIOR COMP.) function: plantarflexes foot and flexes knee origin: medial head - posterior on distal femur, just superior to medial condyle. lateral head - upper posterolateral surface of lateral femoral condyle insertion: via calcaneal tendon, to posterior surface of calcaneus

Question 27

plantaris : function, origin and insertion

Answer 27

SUPERFICIAL GROUP ON LOWER LEG (POSTERIOR COMP.) function: plantarflexes foot and flexes knee origin: inferior part of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament of knee insertion: via calcaneal tendon, to posterior surface of calcaneus

Question 28

soleus : function, origin and insertion

Answer 28

SUPERFICIAL GROUP ON LOWER LEG (POSTERIOR COMP.) function: plantarflexes the foot origin: soleal line and medial border of tibia. posterior of fibular head insertion: via calcneal tendon to posterior surface of calcaneus

Question 29

popliteus: function, origin and insertion

Answer 29

DEEP GROUP ON LOWER LEG (POSTERIOR COMP.) function: stabilizes knee joint origin: lateral femoral condyle insertion: posterior surface of proximal tibia

Question 30

flexor hallucis longus : function, origin and insertion

Answer 30

DEEP GROUP ON LOWER LEG (POSTERIOR COMP.) function: flexes great toe origin: posterior surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane insertion: plantar surface of distal phalanx of great toe

Question 31

flexor digitorum longus : function, origin and insertion

Answer 31

DEEP GROUP ON LOWER LEG (POSTERIOR COMP.) function: flexes lateral four toes origin: medial side of posterior surface of the tibia insertion: plantar surfaces of bases of distal phalanges of the lateral four toes

Question 32

tibialis posterior: function, origin and insertion

Answer 32

DEEP GROUP ON LOWER LEG (POSTERIOR COMP.) function: inversion and plantaflexion of foot, support of medial arch and foot during walking origin: posterior surfaces of interosseous membrane and adjacent regions of tibia and fibula insertion: mainly to tuberosity of navicular and adjacent region of medial cuneiform

Question 33

fibularis longus: function, origin and insertion

Answer 33

LATERAL OF LOWER LEG function: eversion and plantarflexion of foot. supports arches of foot. origin: upper lateral surface of fibula , head of fibula insertion: undersurface of lateral side of distal end of medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal I

Question 34

fibularis brevis: function, origin and insertion

Answer 34

LATERAL OF LOWER LEG function: eversion of food origin: lower two thirds of lateral surface of shaft of fibula insertion: lateral tubercle at base of metatarsal V

Question 35

tibialis anterior: function, origin and insertion

Answer 35

anterior lower leg function: dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint, inversion of foot. support of medial arch of foot origin: lateral of tibia and interosseous membrane insertion: medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and adjacent surfaces on base of metatarsal I

Question 36

extensor hallucis longus: function, origin and insertion

Answer 36

anterior lower leg function: extension of great ttoe and dorsiflexion of foot origin: middle one half of medial surface of fibula and adjavent surface of interosseous membrane insertion: dorsal of base of distal phalanx of great toe

Question 37

extensor digitorum longus: function, origin and insertion

Answer 37

anterior lower leg function: extension of lateral four toes and dorsiflexion of foot origin: proximal one half of medial of fibula and lateral of tibial condyle insertion: dorsal digital expansions into bases of distal and middle phalanges of lateral four toes

Question 38

fibularis tertius: function, origin and insertion

Answer 38

anterior lower leg function: dorsiflexion and eversion of foot origin: distal of medial surface of fibula insertion: dorsomedial surface of base of metatarsal V

Question 39

extensor digitorum brevis : function only

Answer 39

dorsal (TOP of foot) | extension of toes II to IV (on foot only)

Question 40

extensor hallucis brevis: function only

Answer 40

dorsal (TOP of foot) | extends metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe. (calcaneus to big toe)

Question 41

adductor hallucis: function only

Answer 41

sole of foot- first layer abducts and flexes great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint (muscle part is on foot)

Question 42

flexor digitorum brevis: function only

Answer 42

sole of foot- first layer | flexes lateral four toes at proximal interphalangeal joint

Question 43

abductor digiti minimi: function only

Answer 43

sole of foot first layer | abducts little toe at metatarsophalangeal joint

Question 44

quadratus plantae function only

Answer 44

second layer sole of foot | assists flexor digitorum longus tendon in flexing toes II to IV

Question 45

lumbricals function only

Answer 45

flexion of metatarsophalangeal joint and extension of interphalangeal joints II-V

Question 46

flexor hallucis brevis: function only

Answer 46

third layer of muscles in the sole of foot | flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe

Question 47

adductor hallucis: function only

Answer 47

third layer of muscles in sole of foot | adducts great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint

Question 48

flexor digiti minimi brevis: function only

Answer 48

third layer of muscles in sole of foot | flexes little toe at metatarsophalangeal joint

Question 49

dorsal interossei: function only

Answer 49

fourth layer sole of foot abducts toes II to IV at metatarsophalangeal joints. resists extension of metatarsophalangeal joints and flexion of interphalangeal joints.

Question 50

plantar interossei: function only

Answer 50

fourth layer sole of foot adducts toes III to V at metatarsophalangeal joints. resists extension of metatarsophalangeal joints and flexion of interphalangeal joints.