Thorax: Innervation

Question 1

how is the thorax innervated?

Answer 1

vagus nerve, autonomic nervous system

Question 2

what are the plexi of the vagus nerve?

Answer 2

esophageal plexus, cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, sympathetic chain ganglia

Question 3

what controls respiratory system?

Answer 3

pons and medulla oblongota have centers that control the respiration process
diaphram controlled by phrenic nerve.
vagus nerve supplies pulmonary branch

Question 4

what are special features in fetal circulatory system and what do they become after birth?

Answer 4

foramen ovale : opening in interatrial septum allowing some blood to floow from right to left atrium so it gets pumped back out (mixed oxygenated and unoxygenated blood. oxygenated from placenta and unoxygenated from inferior vena cava returning from giving circulatory supply)

ductus arteriosus : vessel that shunts blood from pulmonary trunk away from pulmonary circuit into the aortic arch. (after going out of the right ventricle). mixed oxygenated/unoxygenated from the right ventricle. BECOMES LIGAMENTUM ARTERIOSUM

ductus venosus : a shunt that allows most blood to bypass fetal liver so it can enter the inferior vena cava then the right atrium after coming from umbilical vein, so its OXYGENATED!!! BECOMES LIGAMENTUM VENOSUM.

Question 5

describe how blood goes from placenta to fetal heart

Answer 5

plancenta -> umbilical vein -> ductus venosus (avoids liver) -> inferior vena cava -> right atrium

Question 6

describe blood return from placenta to heart of fetus

Answer 6

placenta -> umbilical vein -> ductus venosus -> inferior vena cava -> right atrium

Question 7

follow blood from fetal heart all the way back through each process

Answer 7

1. right atrium -> foraen ovale -> left atrium -> left ventricle ->aorta -> systemic circulation -> inferior vena cava or superior if went up -> right atrium
2. right atrium -> foramen ovale -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta -> internal iliac arteries -> umbilical arteries-> placenta -> umbilical vein -> ductus venosus -> inferior vena cava -> right atrium
3. Right atrium -> right ventricle -> ductus arteriosus -> aorta -> general systemic -> inferior vena cava
4. Right atrium -> right ventricle -> ductus arteriosus -> aorta -> internal iliac arteries -> umbilical arteries-> placenta -> umbilical vein -> ductus venosus -> inferior vena cava -> right atrium