lower respiratory disorders Flashcards
(18 cards)
what is pleural effusion
accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
what are the two classification of pleural effusion
transudative and exudative
what are some cause of empyemia
complication of pneumonia, lung abscess, chest trauma
what are the clinical manifestation of pleural effusion
progressive dyspnea, decreased movement of the chest wall, may have pleuritic pain
what would you find during a physical examination on someone with pleural effusion
dullness to percussion, absent or decreased breath sounds
what are the clinical manifestation of empyemia
all the pleural effusion, fever, cough, weight loss, night sweat
what are the causes of pulmonary edema
HF, IV overhydration, respiratory distress symptoms, hypoalbuminemia, malignancies of the lymph system, unknown causes
what is the most common causes of pulmonary edema
left sided HF
what are some common sources of pulmonary embolism
right side of the heart, upper extremities, pelvic veins, above the knee
what are the risk factor of PE
immobility, smoking, obesity
what are clinical manifestation of PE
dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis
what is the worst complication of PE
pulmonary infraction
what are risk factor of pulmonary infraction
occlusion of a large vessels, insufficient collateral blood flowh from the bronchial circulation
how can we diagnose PE
a spiral CT scan
how do we prevent PE
by preventing VTE
how do we prevent VTE
use of sequential compression devices, early ambulation, prophylactic use of anticoagulant
what are the goals of treatment of PE
prevent further growth, prevent embolization, provide cardiopulmonary support
what position should someone with PE be kept in
semi fowler position
