LP 6, 7&8

Question 1

list 3 different kinds of cells of the olfactory epithelium

Answer 1

1. olfactory receptor cells
2. supporting cells
3. basal cells

Question 2

olfactory receptor cells information

Answer 2

• cells respond to the chemical stimulation of an ordorant molecule by producing a receptor potential, thus initiating an olfactory response

Question 3

supporting cells information

Answer 3

• provide physical support, nourishment, and electrical insulation for the olfactory receptor cells and help detoxify receptor cells and help detoxify chemicals that come in contact with the olfactory epithelium

Question 4

basal cell information

Answer 4

• continually undergo cell division to produce new olfactory receptor cells

Question 5

for smell in the orbitaofrontal cortex in frontal lobe allows for:

Answer 5

1) order identification
1) odor discrimination

Question 6

list the 5 primary tastes

Answer 6

• salty
• sour
• sweet
• bitter
• umami

Question 7

what cranial nn innervates the ant 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 7

facial

Question 8

what cranial nn innervates the post 1/3 of the tongue

Answer 8

glossopharyngeal

Question 9

list the 6 intrinsic mm of the eye and what cranial nn innervates them

Answer 9

1) superior rectus
2) inferior rectus
3) medial rectus
4) inferior oblique
(these 4 are innervated by oculomotor (III))
5) superior oblique (IV trochlear)
6) lateral rectus (VI abducens)

Question 10

what is the coloured part of the eye called ____ and how is it shaped?

Answer 10

iris. shaped like a flattened donut

Question 11

if your iris is brown it contains large amounts of:

Answer 11

melanin

Question 12

your ___ is the hole in the centre of the iris. it regulated the amount of _____ entering the eyeball

Answer 12

pupil
light

Question 13

what is the beginning of the visual pathway?

Answer 13

retina

Question 14

what nn is visible when looking at the retina through the ophthalmoscope?

Answer 14

optic (II)

Question 15

when optic nn exits the eyeball it is called the optic disc, which is know as the:

Answer 15

blind spot

Question 16

the retina contains sensors (photoreceptors) known as ___ and _____

Answer 16

rods and cones

Question 17

what is the difference between rods and cones?

Answer 17

rods to see dim light
cones to produce color -3 types: blue, green & red

Question 18

can we see imaged that strike the blind spot? why?

Answer 18

no. there are no rods or cones

Question 19

what is the blind spot known as

Answer 19

optic disc

Question 20

an example of convergence would be:

Answer 20

tracking a pencil moving toward your eyes

Question 21

______ is known as sharpness of your vision

Answer 21

resolution

Question 22

_____ is the area of highest acuity

Answer 22

fovea centralis

Question 23

in the neural pathway.. at what point do the optic nerves cross over?

Answer 23

at the optic chasm

Question 24

the visual field gives us ______ vision

Answer 24

binocular

Question 25

majority of the vision of the right side will cross over to the _____ and vice versa

Answer 25

left. this is due to crossing over at optic chiasm

Question 26

the ear is divided into 3 regions

Answer 26

1) external 2) middle 3) inner

Question 27

what part of the ear contains the ear drum or tympanic membrane

Answer 27

external

Question 28

what are the 3 bones found in the middle ear which transmit sound vibrations?

Answer 28

- malleus - incus - stapes

Question 29

the smallest mm in our body is _____, and it is found in the _____ ear

Answer 29

stapedius middle

Question 30

the parts of the inner ear consist of:

Answer 30

1) bony labyrinth 2) perilymph 3) semicircular canals 4) ampulla 5) cochlea 6) organ of cortisones 7) tectorial membrane

Question 31

what does the semicircular canals of the inner ear do

Answer 31

works with the cerebellum for balance and equilibrium

Question 32

what does the cochlea of the inner ear do

Answer 32

translate vibrations inro neural impulses that the brain can interpret sound

Question 33

sound intensity is measured as

Answer 33

decibles

Question 34

what area of the brain is the area where conscious awareness of sound occurs allowing us to perceive sound, specifically pitch

Answer 34

primary auditory area

Question 35

what area of the brain allows you to recognize a particular sound like speech, music or noise

Answer 35

auditory association area

Question 36

the vestibular apparatus has receptor organs for equilibrium. these include:

Answer 36

1) saccule: detects linear acceleration/deceleration that occurs in a vertical direction 2) utricle: detects linear acceleration/deceleration that occurs in a horizontal direction, in addition to head tilt 3) semicircular ducts: detects rotational acceleration/deceleration

Question 37

the parasympathetic division is also called

Answer 37

craniosacral division

Question 38

the sympatheticc division is also called the

Answer 38

thoracolumbar division

Question 39

what are the 2 types of motor neurone in the ANS

Answer 39

1) preganglionic neuron 2) post ganglionic neuron

Question 40

T/F: the ANS receives input from sensory receptors located in organs and BV and smooth mm

Answer 40

true

Question 41

list the 5 prevetebral ganglia

Answer 41

- celiac ganglion - superior mesenteric ganglion - inferior mesenteric ganglion - aorticoreneal - renal ganglion

Question 42

sympathetic nervous system is the fight or flight.. 1) would your airways open up or get smaller? 2) would your pupils dilate? 3) would your BP increase or decrease? 4) would you feel the need to urinat?

Answer 42

1) open up 2) dilate 3) increase 4) no

Question 43

adrenergic neourns and receptors release ______ most sympathetic neurons are __

Answer 43

norepinephrine adrenergic

Question 44

a pregnanglionic neuron of the ANS originates in the ______ of the brain/spinal cord

Answer 44

CNS

Question 45

a preganglionic neuron of the ANS originates in the ______

Answer 45

PNS

Question 46

what is the main difference between preganglionic and postganglionic neutrons

Answer 46

pregnanglionic neutrons arise from the CNS and supply ganglia and the postgnaglionic neutrons arise from the ganglia and supply the tissues

Question 47

there are 7 major plexus of the ANS. list them and know what they supply

Answer 47

1) cardiac plexus: supplies the heart 2) pulmonary plexus: supplies the bronchial tree 3) celiac plexus: supplies the stomach, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, kidneys, adrenal medulla, testes/ovaries) 4) superior mesenteric plexus: supplies large & small intestine 5) inferior mesenteric plexus: large intestine 6) hypogastric plexus: supplies pelvic viscera 7) renal plexus: supplies renal arteries within kidneys are urterers

Question 48

defacation, urination, salivation and digestion is part of what response? parasympathetic or sympathetic?

Answer 48

parasympathetic

Question 49

what controls the ANS (master of the ANS)

Answer 49

hypothalamus

Question 50

the gray rami communicates innervate:

Answer 50

1) visceral effectors in the skin of the neck, trunk & limbs 2) sweat glands 3) smooth mm in the blood vessels 4) arrector pili mm of hair follicles in the skin

Question 51

with smell, what part of our brain account for our emotional responses

Answer 51

limbic system

Question 52

the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of ANS is called

Answer 52

autonomic