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quiz #1 (Brittany) Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 5 main nerves that arise from the brachial plexus

A

axilary
musculocutaneous
radial
median
ulnar

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2
Q

origin, pathway and innervation of the Axillary nerve

A

O: C5-C6
pathway:
- exits axillary fossa
- Gives rise to superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve
- Winds around surgical neck of humerus deep to deltoid
innervates:
- Deltoid and teres minor muscles
- Skin of superolateral arm

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3
Q

origin, pathway and innervation of the musclocutaneous nerve

A
  • ORIGIN: C5-C7
  • PATHWAY:
  • Exits axilla by piercing coracobrachialis
  • Descends between biceps brachii and brachialis
  • Continues as lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
  • INNERVATES:
  • Anterior Arm- coracobrachialis, biceps brachii & brachialis
  • Skin of lateral aspect of forearm
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4
Q

origin, pathway and innervation of the radial nerve

A
  • ORIGIN: C5-T1
  • PATHWAY:
  • Exits axillary fossa posterior to axillary artery
  • Passes posterior to humerus in radial groove found between the medial and
    lateral heads of the triceps.
  • Enters cubital fossa and divides into superficial (cutaneous) and deep (motor)
    nerves
    INNERVATION:
  • All muscles of posterior compartments of arm and forearm
  • Skin of posterior and inferolateral arm, posterior forearm, and dorsum of hand of
    proximal lateral 3 1⁄2 digits
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5
Q

origin, pathway and innervation of the median nerve

A
  • ORIGIN: Lateral root- C6-C7/ Medial root- C8-T1
  • PATHWAY:
  • Medial and lateral roots merge to form median nerve lateral to axillary artery.
  • Descends through the arm, lies medial to artery in cubital fossa
  • Runs between the 2 heads of pronator teres and then through the carpal tunnel
    in the wrist.
  • INNERVATES:
  • Muscles of anterior forearm (except for flexor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus). & Intrinsic muscles in the thenar eminence
  • Skin of the palm and palmar & distal dorsal aspects of lateral 3 1/2 digits
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6
Q

origin, pathway and innervation of the ulnar nerve

A

ORIGIN: C8-T1
- PATHWAY:
- Descends along medial arm
- Passes posterior to medial epicondyle of humerus
- Then descends into ulnar aspect of forearm through cubital tunnel of elbow then
through the tunnel of Guyon in the medial hand
- INNERVATES:
- Flexor digitorum ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus. Also, most
intrinsic muscles of the hand.
- Skin of hand medial and medial 1 1/2 digits of the hand

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7
Q

what are the names of the minor nerves? there are 9. what do they innervate?

A
  • Lateral Pectoral- primarily pectoralis major
  • Medial pectoral- pectoralis minor and sternocostal part of pectoralis major
  • Upper subscapular- superior portion of subscapularis
  • Lower subscapular- inferior portion of subscapularis and teres major
  • Thoracodorsal- latissimus dorsi
  • Dorsal scapular- Rhomboids
  • Long Thoracic- Serratus Anterior
  • Suprascapular- Supraspinatus, infraspinatus & GH joint
  • Subclavian- subclavius and SC joint
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8
Q

what muscles are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

anterior arm- coracobrachialis, biceps brachii & brachialis

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9
Q

what is the sensory innervation for musclocutaneous?

A

skin of lateral aspect of the forearm

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10
Q

the radial nerve innervates what group of muscles?

A
  • all mms of posterior compartments of arm and forearm
  • extennsors below elbow. brachoradialis is actually a flexor.
  • triceps, anconeus
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11
Q

if a client had absence of supination in the forearm, which nerve would be affected?

A

supinator is an extensor, therefore it is the radial nerve

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12
Q

what two muscles does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

deltoid and teres minor muscles

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13
Q

whats the name of one of the branches of the axillary nerve?

A

superior lateral cutaneous nerve

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14
Q

what is the origin of the ulnar nerver? where does it go? what mm does it innervate?

A
  • C8-T1, passes posterior to the medial epicondyle
  • Flexor digitorum ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus. Also, most intrinsic muscles
    of the hand
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15
Q

the ulnar nerve also innervates which mm that is responsible for adduction of the thumb?

A

adductor pollicis

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16
Q

whats the pathway of the brachial plexus as it leaves the spine

A

Passes between anterior and middle scalene and the subclavian artery. The trunks are in the inferior part of the neck. At the clavicle it divides into anterior and posterior division then further divides into cords named in relation to the axillary artery

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17
Q

the cutaneous innervation of the posterior and anterior portion of the shoulder?

A

cervical plexus, suprascapular, C3-C4

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18
Q

what is the O of the median nerve?

A
  • C6-T1
  • Lateral root, C6-7. Medial root, C8-T1
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19
Q

the median nerve runs between which muscles in the forearm, then which bones in the wrist? what muscles does it innervate?

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A
  • Pronatorteres, then passes through the carpal tunnel.
  • Muscles of anterior forearm (except for flexor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus). & Intrinsic muscles in the thenar eminence
  • Skin of the palm and palmar & distal dorsal aspects of lateral 3 1⁄2 digits.
20
Q

how does the ulnar nerve enter the hand?

Study These Flashcards
A

through the tunnel of guyon

21
Q

what are the names of the trunks in order from top to bottom?

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A

superior, middle, inferior

21
Q

what are the names of the trunks in order from top to bottom?

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A

superior, middle, inferior

22
Q

what are the names of the divisions from top to bottom?

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A

anterior, posterior, anterior, posterior, posterior, anterior

23
Q

what is the name of the cords from top to bottom?

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A

lateral, posterior, medial

24
what is the name of the branches from top to bottom?
musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, ulnar
25
what are the nerve roots associated with the lumbar plexus?
L1-L4
26
what is the pathway of the lumbar plexus as it exits the spine?
- The plexus passes obliquely outward between the superficial and deep heads of psoas major and anterior to the quadratus lumborum - The roots split into anterior and posterior divisions between the heads of psoas major giving rise to peripheral branches. - As a whole, the lumbar plexus supplies the anterolateral abdominal wall, external genitalia and part of the lower limb.
27
what is the origin of the femoral nerve?
L2-L4
28
as the femoral nerve enters the thigh, what does it pass by?
It passes deep to the inguinal ligament in the space called the illiopubic tract to the anterior thigh.
29
what muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve?
iliacus, flexors of the hip and extensors of the knee
30
what does the obturator and the femoral nerve have in common?
- Both originate from L2-L4 - PATHWAY: Emerges from the medial border of psoas major and passes into the lesser pelvis, passing inferior to the superior pubic ramus (through obturator foramen) to the medial thigh
31
what muscles of the thigh does abturator inervate?
Adductor muscles: adductor longus and brevis, gracilis, and adductor magnus
32
The major nerves that arise from the lumbar plexus, main ones being the femoral and the obturator, there's a third that's not really a peripheral nerve but a trunk. What is it?
- Lumbosacral trunk! - O: Nerve roots L4-L5 - And what's its clinical significance? - It connects the lumbar and the sacral plexus together. (shared nerve root) - Passes over the ala of the sacrum and descends into the pelvis to participate in the formation of - The plexus passes obliquely outward between the superficial and deep heads of psoas major and anterior to the quadratus lumborum - The roots split into anterior and posterior divisions between the heads of psoas major giving rise to peripheral branches. - As a whole, the lumbar plexus supplies the anterolateral abdominal wall, external genitalia and part of the lower limb. the sacral plexus with the anterior rami of S1-S4 nerves.
33
There are 4 other minor nerves in the lumbar plexus, what are they?
- Ilioinguinal & Iliohypogastric - Supplies the abdominal muscles and the skin of the inguinal and pubic regions (superolateral buttock & medial femoral triangle). - Genitofemoral - Genital branch- supplies anterior scrotum or labia majora - Femoral branch- supplies skin over lateral part of femoral triangle - Lateral Cutaneous nerve of the thigh - Supplies skin on the anterolateral surface of the thigh - Anterior Cutaneous branches - Supplies skin of anterior and medial aspects of thigh
34
the sacral plexus if innervated from what nerve roots?
- L4-S4 - Located on the posterolateral wall of the lesser pelvis - Most branches of the plexus leave the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen
35
What are the main nerves of the sacral plexus?
sacral pudendal superior gluteal inferior gluteal
36
origin, pathway and innervation of the sciatic nerve
- ORIGIN: L4-S3 - PATHWAY - Largest nerve in the body - Formed as the anterior rami of L4-S3 converge on the anterior surface of the piriformis. - It passes through the greater sciatic foramen, usually inferior to the piriformis, to enter the gluteal region. - It then descends along the posterior aspect of the thigh deep to biceps femoris. - Divides into tibial and common fibular nerves at popliteal fossa. - INNERVATES: - Hip joint - Flexors of the knee in the thigh (hamstrings) & all muscles in the leg and foot (through tibial and common fibular divisions).
37
origin, pathway and innervation of the pudendal nerve
- ORIGIN: S2-S4 - PATHWAY - Main nerve of the perineum & chief sensory nerve of the external genitalia. - Leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen between the piriformis and coccygeus muscles. - Hooks around the ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament and enters the perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen. - INNERVATES: - Structures in perineum - Sensation to external genitalia - Perineal muscles, external urethral sphincter and external anal sphincter
38
origin, pathway and innervation of the superior gluteal nerve
- ORIGIN: L4-S1 - PATHWAY: - Leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, superior to the piriformis. - INNERVATES: - Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fasciae latae.
39
origin, pathway and innervation of the inferior gluteal nerve
- ORIGIN: L5-S2 - PATHWAY: - Leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, inferior to the piriformis and superficial to the sciatic nerve. - INNERVATES: - Gluteus maximus
40
other nerves of the sacral plexus, what are they?
- Cluneal (Superficial gluteal) Nerves: - Superior: - Passes inferolaterally across iliac crest - Supplies skin of superior buttocks as far as tubercle of iliac crest - Middle: - Exits through posterior sacral foramina and pass laterally to gluteal region - Originate from posterior rami of L1-L3 - Originates from posterior rami of S1-S3 - Supplies skin over sacrum and adjacent area of buttock - Inferior: - Originates from the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh - Emerges from inferior border of gluteus maximus and ascends superficial to it - Supplies skin of the inferior half of the buttock as far as the greater trochanter. - Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh - Supplies skin of posterior thigh and popliteal fossa
41
the saphenous nerve, if originates from what nerve?
- ORIGIN: femoral nerve - PATHWAY: - Descends through the femoral triangle and adductor canal and then descends with a great saphenous vein. INNERVATES: - Supplies skin on medial side of ankle and foot
42
Once the sciatic nerve hits the popliteal fossa, it splits into the common fibular and tibial nerves. What are the pathways of the nerves?
- Tibial - ORIGIN: Sciatic nerve - PATHWAY: - Forms as sciatic divides at popliteal fossa - Descends through popliteal fossa and lies on popliteus - Runs inferiorly on tibialis posterior - Terminates beneath flexor retinaculum by dividing into medial and lateral plantar nerves (That space is called the tarsal tunnel) - INNERVATES: - Supplies posterior muscles of leg and knee joint. - Common Fibular (peroneal) - ORIGIN: Sciatic nerve - PATHWAY: - Forms as sciatic nerves divides at popliteal fossa and follows medial border of biceps femoris and its tendon - Passes over the posterior aspect of the head of fibula and then winds around the neck of fibula deep to fibularis longus where it divides into superficial and deep. . - INNERVATES: - Supplies skin on lateral part of posterior leg - Also supplies knee joint
43
what muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve?
supplies posterior muscles of leg and knee joint
44
What is the name of the two branches of the tibial nerve?
- Medial Plantar - Branch from tibial nerve - Supplies skin of medial side of sole of foot and sides of first three digits. - Also supplies muscles of plantar surface of foot - Lateral plantar - Branch from tibial nerve - Supplies skin on sole lateral to a line splitting the 4th digit. - Also supplies muscles of the plantar surface of foot.
45
Do dermatomes correspond to a specific nerve, or is it something different?
- Dermatomes are just from one root. - C6 dermatome? There could be potentially multiple nerves affected due to C6 being the cutaneous innervation for multiple nerves.

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