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Freshman Exams :,,) > LSI Midterm > Flashcards

LSI Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What are Burke’s Five Clauses

A

Symbol using animal, inventor of the negative, separate from natural conditions by instruments of own making, guided by hierarchy, rotten with perfection

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2
Q

Are there negative’s in nature?

A

No. Nothing is inherently bad.

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3
Q

Burke’s First Theory

A

Reality has been built by symbol systems, humans are misusing symbols which are justifications for bad things. Communication builds reality.

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4
Q

Burke’s Second Theory

A

Humans are the inventors of the negative, creates contrast or antitheses, positive and negative values (us vs. them)

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5
Q

Burke’s Third Theory

A

humans are separated by tools of their own making, language is a tool

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6
Q

Burke’s Fourth Theory

A

Humans are goaded by hierarchy, motivated by higher ranking

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7
Q

Burke’s Fifth Theory

A

Humans are rotten with perfection, peruse things to the ultimate end

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8
Q

Burke’s Relevancy

A

Burke is relevant because language and communication is consequential

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9
Q

Why are talk and identity reciprocal

A

Talk shapes our identity, identity shapes how we talk

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10
Q

Tacit vs. Explicit knowledge

A

Turn tacit knowledge implicit to better understand why we do things and how we do them, become conscious of why we do them. The way we do things are just one of many possibilities

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11
Q

Cooperative Principle

A

Goal of communication is information exchange

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12
Q

Four Maxims

A

Quality: what we believe is true
Quantity: just the right amount
Relevance: relevant to the conversation
Manner: being clear, explicit, having good manner

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13
Q

Units of Talk

A

Utterance: bounded by a beginning and an end
Discourse: a bunch of utterances

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14
Q

Content vs. Situational

A

Content is literal
Situational meaning is something interpreted in the context

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15
Q

Meaning given vs. given off

A

Given meaning is the intended meaning
The meaning given off is the meaning that is unintended (like sweating or shakiness)

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16
Q

Category vs. social construction

A

Category is fixed construction of stable features of identity
Social construction is more fluid and varies through time

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17
Q

Identities

A

Master: characteristics that don’t change (age, ethnicity, gender)
Interactional: roles people take (student or employee)
Personal: personality and character traits (kind, confident)

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18
Q

How do men construct masculinity on Craig’s list?

A

Masculine language, affirmation of heterosexual and no homosexual interest, job statues to communicate power, harsh language

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19
Q

How do Black MSM differ?

A

Physical descriptions of skin color, Ebonics

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20
Q

What is a line?

A

A pattern of verbal or nonverbal acts that expresses a view of a situation and its participants

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21
Q

What is face?

A

How we project ourselves in social interaction

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22
Q

What are Face Threatening Acts?

A

When face is threatened or challenged by the actions of ourselves or others

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23
Q

Types of FTA’s

A

Wrongfaced: discrediting information comes out (vegan eating a burger)
Out of Face: a line that is not suitable for the occasion
Shamefaced: when acts exceed socially acceptable norms

24
Q

Face Saving Practices

A

Acts that attempt to preserve your face or another’s face

25
Q

Expressive order

A

Regulates the flow of events, flow of traffic, series of lines, written and unwritten rules of how we interact

Morally infused: implicit, we know what is good and bad behavior

26
Q

Key Assumptions of Facework

A

Preserve our face and protect others, humans are normally empathetic people, restore the face of others

27
Q

Avoidance processes

A

Avoidance: avoid contact to prevent threats

28
Q

Corrective Process

A

Ritual/remedial interchange, damage control
Challenge: face threatening act is revealed
Offering: reparative acts
Acceptance: forgiveness
Order/schism: order is restored

29
Q

Corrective Process Order

A

It doesn’t always have to go in order, challenge can be skipped, offering can go multiple rounds

30
Q

Positive vs, Negative face

A

Positive: when people seek approval, present as desireable
Negative: value independence and freedom

31
Q

Weight of FTA’s

A

Some people have power and superiority, relies on intimacy/distance, ranking of impositions depending on context

32
Q

Key Ingredients to a Chinese Dinner

A

Food: shows generosity, can ruin the interruption of flow
Chang Mien: the occasion, the setting (boisterous)
Keh Chee: guest spirit, behavior of guest and host (offering and declining circle, can’t be too catchy or gluttonous)

33
Q

Ritual

A

Sequence of highly symbolic acts to which pays homage to the occasion (going to the gym, skincare)

34
Q

Sincerity

A

Western: values individuality, what we want, saying what you mean, true to yourself
Eastern: collectivism, convey wills of group, preserving social harmony

35
Q

Line of Sharp talk users

A

Protective line

36
Q

Mitigating devices

A

Soften the force of communication

Terms of endearment
Hedge phrases: maybe, kind of
Tag questions: advice presented as question (respects negative face)
Solidarity: using first person pronouns (we, us)

37
Q

Why does Language matter in SharpTalk

A

SharpTalk users are vulnerable individuals, you can’t take words back

38
Q

Rhetorical Perspective

A

Strategic use of language, speakers have agency, people are strategic decision makers

39
Q

Limits of rhetorical perspective

A

Focuses too much on individual, some people have different power and agency (child vs. adult), limits cultural perspective

40
Q

Cultural perspective

A

Speech communities/speech codes shape how we talk
Interpersonal ideologies: beliefs and how we relate to each other

41
Q

Altercasting

A

Identity we assign to others by how we speak

42
Q

Personal addresses

A

Proper names: first middle last
Kinship terms: mostly biological (mom, auntie)
Title: occupational/relationship tied, signify degree of closeness (depends on context)
Nicknames/endearments: honey, sugar
2nd Person Pronouns: you

43
Q

Names

A

Evoke personal identities, convey interpersonal identities

44
Q

Changing last name

A

Female change: adhere to tradition
Male change: modernity
Hyphenated: unity
Keep last name: independence

45
Q

Race

A

Race is a social construction created by people for function

46
Q

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

A

Language conveys how we see the world

47
Q

language reform

A

Change language to be more inclusive (fireperson, policeperson)

48
Q

Membership categorization device

A

Collections of categories/labels for referring to people
Some categories can become linked (black and violent, boys can’t cry)

49
Q

Problem with actions speak louder than words

A

Speech is an act

50
Q

5 categories of speech acts

A

Expressive: expressive what you’re thinking/feeling
Directive: trying to get someone to do something
Commissive: promise to do something in the future (threat, promise)
Representative: object of reporting the world
Declarative: actions that transform someone into something else (wedding, graduation)

51
Q

4 Principles of Speech Acts

A

Preexisting identities shape speech acts
Doing speech acts builds and shapes identity
Speech acts are distinctive to speech communities
Form and function need to be distinguished

52
Q

Face Threatening Speech Acts

A

Advising: might want support rather than advice, can be critical or helpful
Reproaching: raise questions of goodness or reasonableness of another’s actions
Accounts/Accounting: giving reasons behind why people make choices
Disclaiming: deflecting others from assigning negative or inappropriate person identities to self
Complimenting: expressive interest through a query, making an offer
Gossiping

53
Q

Lies vs. Bullshit

A

Lies are made in opposition of the truth
Bullshit is unconcerned with the truth

54
Q

Content of bullshit

A
  • Bull: trivial, insincere, or untruthful talk or writing
  • Hot air: what comes out of the speakers mouth is empty words without substance or content
55
Q

Consequences of Bullshit

A

Less severe than lying

56
Q

Occasion in which Bullshit arises

A

When a person doesn’t know the answer and is trapped

Freshman Exams :,,) (9 decks)

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