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Laura Nappi online course > Lung > Flashcards

Lung Flashcards

1
Q

how many lungs do we have?

A

2 - a RT and LT

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2
Q

how many lobes does the RT lung have?

A

3

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3
Q

how many lobes does the LT lung?

A

2

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4
Q

lungs are surrounded by lining called _______

A

pleura

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5
Q

the outer pleura attached to the chest wall, is called what?

A

parietal pleura

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6
Q

the diaphragm is ___bone/muscle___

A

muscle

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7
Q

the _____ is where vessels enter and exit the lungs

A

hilum

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8
Q

even though the RT lung has 3 lobes it is a bit shorter than the LT lung. why?

A

due to the liver

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9
Q

even though the LT lung has 2 lobes it is a bit longer than the RT, however is ___bigger/smaller___. why?

A

LT lung is long and small - as the heart takes up a big portion of space

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10
Q

T/F: LT lung is small and long and the RT lung is big and short

A

true

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11
Q

the inner pleura that covers the lungs, is called what?

A

visceral pleura

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12
Q

between the pleura is the ____ space

A

pleural space

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13
Q

at the inferior aspect of the lungs is a domed shaped muscle, what is it called?

A

diaphragm

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14
Q

label the diagram of the lungs -

A

A. trachea
B. bronchi
C. upper
D. Lower
E. Upper
F. diaphragm
G. ribs

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15
Q

what does the diaphragm separate?

A

lungs from the abdomen

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16
Q

the diaphragm helps us breath how?

A

by forcing air in & out of the lungs

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17
Q

T/F: when we breathe, there is a specific order of airflow

A

true

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18
Q

what is order of airflow? (7 steps)

A
  1. nose/mouth
  2. trachea
  3. primary bronchi
  4. secondary bronchi
  5. tertiary bronchi
  6. bronchioles
  7. alveolar ducts
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19
Q

our wind pipe is also known as the ___

A

trachea

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20
Q

the ____ divides/bifurcates into primary bronchi

A

trachea

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21
Q

the bifurcation of the trachea is also known collectively as the _____

A

carina

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22
Q

the carina is located at what level?

A

T4-T5

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23
Q

primary bronchi divide into what?

A

secondary and tertiary bronchi –> which continue to divide down into bronchioles

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24
Q

______ are air sacks that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

alveoli

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25
what are the main risk factors of lung cancer?
smoke, radon exposure, asbestos exposure
26
asbestos exposure leads to an increased risk of getting what type of lung cancer?
mesothelioma
27
____ is the number risk of lung cancer
smoke/smoking - cigarette, cigar, second hand, firsthand
28
radon exposure can increase chances of _____ cancer
lung
29
_________ is a carcinoma that starts in the pleura/lining
mesothelioma
30
T/F: lung cancers typically do not have signs and symptoms until later more advanced stages
true
31
what are symptoms of lung cancer? (8)
- persistent cough - coughing up blood - shortness of breath - chest pain - hoarseness - weight loss w/o trying - bone pain - headache
32
what are the 2 major histopathology's of lung cancer
small cell lung cancer (SCLC) AND non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
33
_______ lung cancer is also called "oat cell"
SCLC (small cell lung cancer)
34
__SCLC/NSCLC__ makes up 10-15% of all lung cancers
SCLC
35
which is more aggressive - NSCLC or SCLC
SCLC
36
what is main risk factor of developing SCLC
- smoking tobacco
37
which is more common near the central region of lungs near bronchi? - SCLC or NSCLC
SCLC
38
would you rather have a tumor in center of lungs or on periphery?
periphery tumor, has better prognosis than a centrally located tumor
39
what treatment is used with SCLC as it tends to spread quickly.
PCI (Prophylactic cranial irradiation)
40
which lung cancer histology is more common? - NSCLC or SCLC
NSCLC
41
T/F: more than half patients with SCLC have spread at time of diagnosis, beyond supraclav area; extensive disease
true
42
T/F: SCLC responds well to chemo and radiation, however - they are not considered a cure as SCLC has high likeliness of metastasis
true
43
T/F: it is very likely for patient's with SCLC to develop a CNS metastasis
true
44
___SCLC/NSCLC___ makes up 80-85% of all lung cancers
NSCLC
45
what are the 3 subtypes of NSCLC?
adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma
46
which subtype of NSCLC is NOT associated with cigarette smoking?
adenocarcinoma
47
which subtype of NSCLC is more common in women?
adenocarcinoma
48
adenocarcinoma subtype of NSCLC is found commonly where in lung? central or periphery
periphery
49
which subtype of NSCLC IS associated with tobacco smoking?
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
50
Adenocarcinoma or Squamous cell carcinoma is found in lining of the airways
SCC (squamous cell carcinoma)
51
what subtype of NSCLC can occur anywhere in the lungs and grows quickly
large cell carcinoma
52
which subtype of NSCLC is NOT associated with smoking/patients that do not have a history of smoking?
adenocarcinoma
53
squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma - starts in the cells that line the alveoli and make mucous
adenocarcinoma
54
describe the staging of SCLC - *hint it can be split into two
limited stage and extensive stage
55
describe the NSCLC staging - *hint it can be split into two
clinical stage and pathologic stage
56
the following is describing which stage of SCLC? - limited or extensive - occurs on one side if lung - limited to lymph nodes on ipsilateral side - can include ipsilateral supraclavicular nodes & mediastinal lymph nodes
limited SCLC
57
the following is describing which stage of SCLC? - limited or extensive -spreads to both sides of lung - spread to lymph nodes on either side - spread to other body parts
extensive SCLC
58
the following is describing which stage of NSCLC? - clinical stage or pathologic stage - uses physical exam - biopsy - imaging tests
clinical stage NSCLC
59
the following is describing which stage of NSCLC? - clinical stage or pathologic stage -staging after removing tissue during surgery
pathologic stage NSCLC
60
T/F: NSCLC and SCLC have different stagings
true - SCLC is either extensive or limited NSCLC is either clinical or pathologic
61
1. __NSCLC/SCLC___ is either extensive or limited 2. ___NSCLC/SCLC___ is either clinical or pathologic
1. SCLC 2. NSCLC
62
what are common lymph nodes lung cancer will spread to? (4)
bronchopulmonary, hilar, interlobar, and mediastinal
63
the following nodes makes up Superior or Inferior mediastinal nodes - -paratracheal -retrotracheal -azygos nodes
Superior mediastinal nodes
64
the following nodes makes up Superior or Inferior mediastinal nodes - -subcarinal -paraesophageal -pulmonary ligament nodes
Inferior mediastinal nodes
65
where does lung cancer spread locally?
other parts of lung, ribs, heart, esophagus, spine
66
where does lung cancer spread distally?
Liver, brain, bones, bone marrow, adrenal glands, kidneys

Laura Nappi online course (54 decks)

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