Treatment Options: Chemotherapy

Question 1

chemo is a _____ treatment

Answer 1

systemic

Question 2

what does it mean to be a “systemic” treatment?

Answer 2

treats the whole body/whole body is effected

Question 3

chemo is different from RT and surgery how?

Answer 3

chemo is a systemic trt and RT and surgery are localized

Question 4

______ = damages tumor cells

Answer 4

cytotoxic

Question 5

Cytotoxic agents like chemo, can damage both tumor and normal cells - what is the difference?

Answer 5

tumor cells will not grow back, normal cells though damaged, can recover

… just like RT

Question 6

chemo affects cells differently when?

Answer 6

in different cell cycle phases

Question 7

cancer cells in general ______ quicker, making them ___more/less___ sensitive to chemo, and RT

Answer 7

proliferate (divide) quicker

Question 8

T/F: chemo can be used alone and OR WITH other trt modalities

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

how can chemo be administered? (5)

Answer 9

topically (skin)
intrathecally (spine)
intraperitoneally (injected into abdomen)
intravenously (IV)
orally (mouth)

Question 10

for what admin route of chemo does an MD HAVE to be present and administer?

Answer 10

intrathecally (spine)

Question 11

the following are types of chemo drug classifications -

_______ agents, nitro______, anti_______, _________ antibiotics, h______ agents, _______ inhibitors, ______ alkaloids, ______steroids

Answer 11

alkylating agents, nitrosoureas, antimetabolites, antitumor antibiotics, hormonal agents, topoisomerase inhibitors, vinca alkaloids, corticosteroids

Question 12

what chemo drug classification has a chemical structure similar to mustard gas?

Answer 12

alkylating agents

Question 13

how do alkylating agents stop cell division?

Answer 13

by damaging DNA and hindering nucleic acids

Question 14

what specific cell cycle, if any, does alkylating agents affect?

Answer 14

they are not cell cycle specific and can work during any cell cycle phase

Question 15

alkylating agents are used to treat what cancers?

Answer 15

lung
ovarian
lymphoma; Hodgkins
multiple myeloma
breast
leukemia
Sarcoma

Question 16

the following are examples of what chemo drug classification?

carboplatin
cisplatin
cyclophosphamide
dacarbazine
ifosfamide
lomustine

Answer 16

alkylating agents

Question 17

what chemo drug classification is a subgroup of alkylating agents?

Answer 17

nitrosoureas

Question 18

how do nitrosoureas stop cell division?

Answer 18

-they hinder DNA synthesis
-cross the BBB (blood brain barrier) into the brain –> they are lipid soluble

Question 19

which chemo drug classification is lipid soluble and can cross the BBB (Blood Brain Barrier)

Answer 19

nitrosoureas

Question 20

what specific cell cycle, if any, do nitrosoureas affect?

Answer 20

they are not cell cycle specific

Question 21

what cancer do nitrosoureas treat?

Answer 21

brain tumors

Question 22

the following are examples of what chemo drug classification?

carmustine
lomustine
streptozcin

Answer 22

nitrosoureas

Question 23

how do antimetabolites stop cell division?

Answer 23

-they disturb formation of nucleic acids and cell reproduction
-act as substitutes for nucleic acids during DNA and RNA formation

Question 24

what specific cell cycle, if any, do antimetabolites affect?

Answer 24

they are more affective during the S phase

Question 25

what cancers do antimetabolites treat?

Answer 25

leukemia breast ovarian intestinal tract - small//large

Question 26

the following are examples of what chemo drug classification? 5 FU methotrexate gemcitabine xeloda hydroxurea

Answer 26

antimetabolites

Question 27

how do antitumor antibiotics stop cell division?

Answer 27

-stop DNA/RNA transcription -does not treat infection, treats tumors

Question 28

what specific cell cycle, if any, do antitumor antibiotics affect?

Answer 28

they are not specific overall, however! are more effective during S and G2 phases

Question 29

what cancers do antitumor antibiotics treat?

Answer 29

various cancers

Question 30

the following are examples of what chemo drug classification? Adriamycin bleomycin

Answer 30

antitumor antibiotics

Question 31

_____ chemo drug can cause CARDIAC toxicity

Answer 31

Adriamycin

Question 32

_____ chemo drug can cause LUNG toxicity

Answer 32

bleomycin

Question 33

how do hormonal agents stop cell division?

Answer 33

by removing/replacing natural hormones

Question 34

what specific cell cycle, if any, do hormonal agents affect?

Answer 34

they aren't cell cycle specific

Question 35

what cancers do hormonal agents treat?

Answer 35

breast prostate

Question 36

the following are examples of what chemo drug classification? tamoxifen leuprolide

Answer 36

hormonal agents

Question 37

what chemo drug classification are plant alkaloids?

Answer 37

topoisomerase inhibitors

Question 38

how do topoisomerase inhibitors stop cell division?

Answer 38

they interfere with enzymes & DNA replication

Question 39

what specific cell cycle, if any, do topoisomerase inhibitors affect?

Answer 39

they are not cell cycle specific

Question 40

what cancers do topoisomerase inhibitors treat?

Answer 40

some leukemias and lung cancers ovarian GI tract colorectal pancreas

Question 41

the following are examples of what chemo drug classification? topotecan etoposide

Answer 41

topoisomerase inhibitors

Question 42

enzymes are known as _________

Answer 42

topoisomerases

Question 43

_______ help separate strands of DNA to prepare for copying

Answer 43

enzymes

Question 44

what chemo drug classification originates from the periwinkle plant?

Answer 44

vinca alkaloids

Question 45

how do vinca alkaloids stop cell division?

Answer 45

they stop cell replication

Question 46

what specific cell cycle, if any, do vinca alkaloids affect?

Answer 46

M phase (Metaphase) -they stop cell replication in metaphase

Question 47

what cancers do vinca alkaloids treat?

Answer 47

myeloma breast' lymphoma lung cancers leukemias

Question 48

the following are examples of what chemo drug classification? vincristine vinblastine paclitaxel

Answer 48

vinca alkaloids

Question 49

what chemo drug classification can treat cancer, but also prevent side effects of chemo like nausea, vomiting, and allergic reactions

Answer 49

corticosteroids

Question 50

how do corticosteroids stop cell division?

Answer 50

-they are natural hormones -hormone like drugs

Question 51

the following are examples of what chemo drug classification? -prednisone -dexamethasone

Answer 51

corticosteroids

Question 52

what chemo combo does Breast cancer use?

Answer 52

CMF -cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5 FU

Question 53

what chemo combo does NHL (Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma) use?

Answer 53

CHOP -cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, prednisone

Question 54

what chemo combo(s) does HL (Hodgkins Lymphoma) use?

Answer 54

ABVD = adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine MOPP = nitrogen mustard, oncovin, prednisone, procarbazine

Question 55

what specific agents make up chemo combo CHOP

Answer 55

-cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, prednisone

Question 56

what specific agents make up chemo combo MOPP

Answer 56

- nitrogen mustard, oncovin, prednisone, procarbazine

Question 57

what specific agents make up chemo combo ABVD

Answer 57

- adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine

Question 58

what specific agents make up chemo combo CMF

Answer 58

- cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5 FU