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Resp > Lungs > Flashcards

Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

where are the lungs located?

A

They are located in the chest, either side of the mediastinum, within the thoracic cavity

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2
Q

what are the lungs involved in?

A

the major organs of respiration

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3
Q

what are the functions of the lungs?

A

to oxygenate blood

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4
Q

how do the lungs oxygenate blood?

A

They achieve this by bringing inspired air into close contact with oxygen-poor blood in the pulmonary capillaries

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5
Q

what is each lung surrounded by?

A

by a pleural cavity

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6
Q

what is a pleural cavity?

A

formed by the visceral and parietal pleura

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7
Q

what are the lungs suspended from the mediastinum by?

A

the lung root

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8
Q

what are the lung roots?

A

a collection of structures entering and leaving the lungs

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9
Q

where do the medial surfaces of both lungs lie?

A

in close proximity to several mediastinal structures

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10
Q

what does the left lung lie in close proximity to?

A

heart
arch of aorta
thoracic aorta
oesophagus

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11
Q

what does the right lung lie in close proximity to?

A 
oesophagus
heart
inferior vena cava
superior vena cava
azygous vein
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12
Q

roughly what shape are the lungs and what are its borders?

A

The lungs are roughly cone shaped, with an apex, base, three surfaces and three borders

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13
Q

which lung is smaller? why?

A

The left lung is slightly smaller than the right – this is due to the presence of the heart

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14
Q

what does each lung consist of?

A

apex, base, lobes (2/3), 3 surfaces, 3 borders

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15
Q

what is the apex of the lung? where does it project?

A

The blunt superior end of the lung. It projects upwards, above the level of the 1st rib and into the floor of the neck

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16
Q

what is the base of the lung? where does it sit?

A

The inferior surface of the lung, which sits on the diaphragm

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17
Q

what are the lobes of the lungs separated by?

A

These are separated by fissures within the lung

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18
Q

what are the 3 surfaces of the lungs? what are they named?

A

These correspond to the area of the thorax that they face. They are named costal, mediastinal and diaphragmatic

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19
Q

what are the 3 borders of the lungs? how are they named?

A

The edges of the lungs, named the anterior, inferior and posterior borders

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20
Q

do the left and right lungs have identical lobular structure?

A

NO

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21
Q

how many lobes does the right lung have? what are they?

A

The right lung has three lobes; superior, middle and inferior

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22
Q

what are the lobes of the right lung divided from each other by?

A

by two fissures:
oblique fissure
horizontal fissure

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23
Q

where does the oblique fissure run? what does it meet?

A

Runs from the inferior border of the lung in a superoposterior direction, until it meets the posterior lung border

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24
Q

where does the horizontal fissure run? what does it meet?

A

Runs horizontally from the sternum, at the level of the 4th rib, to meet the oblique fissure

25
Q

what does the left lung contain? (in terms of lobes)

A

The left lung contains superior and inferior lobes

26
Q

what are the lobes of the left lung separated by?

A

a similar oblique fissure

27
Q

what do the lung surfaces correspond to?

A

There are three lung surfaces, each corresponding to an area of the thorax

28
Q

what are the mediastinal surface of the lung faces? what is located on this surface?

A

the lateral aspect of the middle mediastinum. The lung hilum is located on this surface

29
Q

what is the lung hilum?

A

where structures enter and leave the lung

30
Q

what is the base of the lung formed by?

A

The base of the lung is formed by the diaphragmatic surface

31
Q

what does the base of the lung rest on? what shape does it have?

A

It rests on the dome of the diaphragm, and has a concave shape

32
Q

is the concavity deeper on the left or right lung? why?

A

This concavity is deeper in the right lung, due to the higher position of the right dome overlying the liver

33
Q

what is the costal surface of the lungs like?

A

The costal surface is smooth and convex

34
Q

where does the costal surface of the lungs face?

A

It faces the internal surface of the chest wall

35
Q

what is the costal surface of the lungs related to?

A

the costal pleura

36
Q

what is the function of the costal pleura?

A

separates the costal surface from the ribs and innermost intercostal muscles

37
Q

what is the anterior border of the lung formed by?

A

formed by the convergence of the mediastinal and costal surfaces

38
Q

what is the anterior border of the left lung marked by? what is it created by? known as?

A

by a deep notch, created by the apex of the heart. It is known as the cardiac notch

39
Q

what is the function of the inferior border of the lungs?

A

The inferior border separates the base of the lung from the costal and mediastinal surfaces

40
Q

what is the posterior border of the lungs like?

A

The posterior border is smooth and rounded (in contrast to the anterior and inferior borders, which are sharp)

41
Q

what is the posterior border of the lungs formed by?

A

It is formed by the costal and mediastinal surfaces meeting posteriorly

42
Q

what is the lung root?

A

The lung root is a collection of structures that suspends the lung from the mediastinum

43
Q

what does each root contain?

A

Each root contains a bronchus, pulmonary artery, two pulmonary veins, bronchial vessels, pulmonary plexus of nerves and lymphatic vessels

44
Q

what do all structures enter of leave the lung via?

A

All these structures enter or leave the lung via the hilum

45
Q

what is the hilum of the lungs?

A

a wedge shaped area on its mediastinal surface

46
Q

what is the bronchial tree?

A

a series of passages that supplies air to the alveoli of the lungs

47
Q

where does the bronchial tree begin with? and then?

A

It begins with the trachea, which divides into a left and right bronchus

48
Q

which bronchus has a higher incidence of foreign body inhalation? why?

A

The right bronchus has a higher incidence of foreign body inhalation due to its wider shape and more vertical course

49
Q

where does each bronchus enter the lung? passes through?

A

Each bronchus enters the root of the lung, passing through the hilum

50
Q

what happens to the bronchus when they are inside the lung?

A

they divide to form lobar bronchi – one supplying each lobe

51
Q

what does each lobar bronchus then do?

A

Each lobar bronchus then further divides into several tertiary segmental bronchi

52
Q

what does each segmental bronchi provide?

A

Each segmental bronchi provides air to a bronchopulmonary segment

53
Q

what are bronchopulmonary segments?

A

these are the functional units of the lungs

54
Q

what does each segmental bronchi give rise to?

A

The segmental bronchi give rise to many conducting bronchioles

55
Q

what do each bronchioles eventually lead to?

A

terminal bronchioles

56
Q

what does each terminal bronchiole give off?

A

Each terminal bronchiole gives off respiratory bronchioles, which feature thin walled outpocketings that extend from their lumens

57
Q

what do respiratory bronchioles feature?

A

thin walled outpocketings that extend from their lumens

58
Q

what are the thin walled outpocketings that extend from the lumen of respiratory bronchioles?

A

These are the alveoli – the site of gaseous exchange

Resp (24 decks)

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