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Middle mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

what is the anterior border of the middle mediastinum?

A

Anterior margin of the pericardium

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2
Q

what is the posterior border of the middle mediastinum?

A

Posterior border of the pericardium

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3
Q

what is the lateral border of the middle mediastinum?

A

Mediastinal pleura of the lungs

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4
Q

what is the superior border of the middle mediastinum?

A

Imaginary line extending between the sternal angle (the angle formed by the junction of the sternal body and manubrium) and the T4 vertebrae

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5
Q

what is the inferior border of the middle mediastinum?

A

Superior surface of the diaphragm

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6
Q

what does the middle mediastinum contain?

A

It contains several important organs, vessels, nerves and lymphatic structures

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7
Q

which mediastinum is the largest subdivision of the inferior mediastinum?

A

The middle mediastinum

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8
Q

what are the organs contained within the middle mediastinum?

A

the heart, and its protective sheath, the pericardium.

The tracheal bifurcation and the left and right main bronchi

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9
Q

what is the middle mediastinum also associated with?

A

the origins of the great vessels that run to and from the heart

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10
Q

which are the great vessels that run to and from the heart?

A

ascending aorta
pulmonary trunk
superior vena cava

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11
Q

what is the ascending aorta? where does it arise from?

A

the first part of the aorta, which arises from the aortic orifice

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12
Q

what is the course of travel of the ascending aorta? what does it become?

A

It moves upwards, exiting the fibrous pericardium and entering the superior mediastinum – where it then becomes the aortic arch

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13
Q

what does the ascending aorta give rise to? what are they?

A

gives rise to two branches; the left and right coronary arteries

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14
Q

what does the pulmonary trunk give rise to?

A

gives rise to the left and right pulmonary arteries

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15
Q

how is the pulmonary trunk like? why?

A

The trunk itself is relatively short and wide, allowing a large volume of blood to pass through it

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16
Q

what is the function of the superior vena cava?

A

returns deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body

17
Q

what is the superior vena cava formed by?

A

formed by the right and left brachiocephalic veins

18
Q

which nerves are located within the middle mediastinum?

A

The cardiac plexus and the phrenic nerves

19
Q

what is the cardiac plexus? what does it contain?

A

a network of nerves located at the base of the heart, containing sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres

20
Q

where are the sympathetic nerves of the cardiac plexus derived from?

A

from the T1-T4 segments of the spinal cord

21
Q

what is the parasympathetic nerves of the cardiac plexus supplied by?

A

parasympathetic innervation is supplied by the vagus nerve

22
Q

what can the cardiac plexus be subdivided into?

A

superficial and deep components

23
Q

what are the left and right phrenic nerves?

A

mixed nerves that provides motor innervation to the diaphragm

24
Q

where do the left and right phrenic nerves arise from and where do they travel to?

A

They arise in the neck, and descend through the middle mediastinum to reach the diaphragm

25
Q

which lymph nodes are located within the middle mediastinum?

A

The tracheobronchial lymph nodes are located within the middle mediastinum

26
Q

what are the tracheobronchial lymph nodes?

A

They are a group of nodes associated with the trachea and bronchi of the respiratory tract

27
Q

when are the tracheobronchial lymph nodes enlarged?

A

characteristically enlarged in certain lung pathologies

28
Q

what are the tracheobronchial lymph nodes formed from?

A

They form from the gathering of bronchial nodes within the hila of the lungs

29
Q

what are individual groups of nodes connected via?

A

fine lymphatic channels

Resp (24 decks)

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