Lungs / photosynthesis/ gaseous exchange

Question 1

The word equation for aerobic respiration is..

Answer 1

Glucose + oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + water

Question 2

What is the word equation for Anaerobic respiration?

Answer 2

Glucose -> lactic acid + Carbon dioxide + water

Question 3

Differences between anaerobic & aerobic respiration

Answer 3

Anaerobic creates lactic acid (or alcohol in fermentation) and creates little energy
Aerobic creates lots of energy and no lactic acid

Question 4

Respiration is…

Answer 4

The process that transfers energy in plants and animals and happens in every living cell releases energy from glucose

Question 5

Photosynthesis is…

Answer 5

The process plants and algae to make their own food, glucose. It is a process which uses light energy

Question 6

Aerobic respiration occurs in..

Answer 6

Mitochondria

Question 7

Anaerobic respiration occurs in…

Answer 7

The cytoplasm

Question 8

Test for CO2 is..

Answer 8

Limewater goes cloudy

Question 9

MRS GREN stands for…

Answer 9

The 7 necessary features of living things ( movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition)

Question 10

Where does glucose come from?

Answer 10

Digested carbohydrates

Question 11

Combustion is…

Answer 11

The burning between a fuel and oxygen
fuel + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
Heat and light energy are also released

Question 12

What are the parts in the respiratory system?

Answer 12

Trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli and diaphragm and lung

Question 13

What are the alveoli?

Answer 13

They are small broccoli like structures where gas exchange happens which fill with air when you breathe in

Question 14

Why are the alveoli good at their job?

Answer 14

They have a large surface area
They have a good supply of blood
are moist
And are very thin and elasticity for short gas exchange time

Question 15

Gas exchange in lungs and tissue…

Answer 15

Lungs put O2 in red blood cells (oxygenated blood)
blood is pumped around body to cells and tissue around the body
cells use O2 and blood is deoxygenated
waste product is CO2 which blood takes back to lungs for removal

Question 16

What is the Process of inhalation?

Answer 16

Intercostal muscles (muscles in between ribs) contract and ribs go out and up. Diaphragm contracts and moves down. Volume of chest cavity increases and pressure decreases. Air moves into lungs

Question 17

Process of exhalation

Answer 17

Intercostals relax - ribs in and down,
Diaphragm relaxes and moves up. Volume of cavity decrease and pressure increases and air moves out.

Question 18

Name each part in the bell jar experiment.

Answer 18

Balloon = lungs
Bell jar = cavity
Rubber sheet = diaphragm
Balloons get bigger as pull diaphragm down.

Question 19

Epiglottis

Answer 19

Prevents food from entering the windpipe

Question 20

Tuberculosis

Answer 20

Weight loss, loss of appetite, night sweats and tiredness.
Caused by bacteria from weakened immune system. Spread by coughs, laughing, sneezing.
Treat by antibacterial medicine for 6-12 months

Question 21

Lung Cancer

Answer 21

Symptoms - persistent coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing up blood, tiredness.
Caused by smoking cigarettes
Treat by chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy

Question 22

Pleurisy

Answer 22

Symptoms - pain in chest when breathing, persistent cough, breathing difficulties, unwell and fever.
Caused by bacterial and viral infections - can lead to pneumonia.
Similar treatment to TB.

Question 23

Glycogen

Answer 23

Energy form stored in muscles. If not used turns to body fat

Question 24

Energy

Answer 24

Used to keep us warm, move and contract muscles

Question 25

Anaerobic respiration - how long??

Answer 25

Body can only cope anaerobically for a short period - so a sprinter respires anaerobically but a marathon runner will respire aerobically

Question 26

Why don’t we instantly recover from exercise - i.e. high heart rate, body temp

Answer 26

HR remains high to supply more oxygen to break down lactic acid. Better to take deep breaths rather than short shallow breaths

Question 27

What is EPOC (Excess post-exercise consumption)?

Answer 27

Need for additional oxygen post exrecise. Also known as oxygen debt.

Question 28

What is recovery time

Answer 28

Time taken for heart rate and body temp to return to normal.

Question 29

Anaerobic respiration in plants plus other microorganisms

Answer 29

Some microorganisms produce ethanol and co2 instread of lactic

Question 30

What is fermentation?

Answer 30

Anaerobic respiration in some microorganisms and plants

Glucose => ethanol +co2 and energy

Beer, wine and bread are made using fermentation. Alcohol is created from fermented sugar.

Question 31

Bread??

Answer 31

Yeast undergoes cellular respiration.

Yeast starts with aerobic respiration creating Co2 and dough rises

After oxygen runs out starts anaerobically and alcohol produced - but burnt off when bread is cooked

Question 32

How does photosynthesis take place?

Answer 32

Water travels up from roots, co2 enters through holes underneath leaf (stomata), sunlight gives energy and chlorophyll is green stuff were reaction takes place
It happens in palisade cell of leaf

Question 33

What is photosynthesis chemical reaction?

Answer 33

Co2 +H20 = C6H12O6 + 02

Question 34

What are key parts of leaf?

Answer 34

Waxy cuticle, Chloroplast, Palisade, Spongy mesophyll cells and stomata

Question 35

Word equation for photosynthesis

Answer 35

Carbon dioxide and water (reactants) use light energy and chlorophyll to create glucose and oxygen (products)

Question 36

Why are leaves green?

Answer 36

Contain chlorophyll which can absorb sunlight and is green

Question 37

Properties of leaves

Answer 37

Thin - allow gas exchange

Surface area - to absorb light (which combines with chlorophyll
Veins - have xylem tubes to carry water and phloem tubes to carry glucose
Waxy - stops water being lost through evaporation

Question 38

What is a chloroplast

Answer 38

Critical structure of plant cells. Contain chlorphyll and where photosynthesis takes place

Question 39

What are stomata?

Answer 39

Holes in leaves to allow o2 out and co2 in. Guard cells open or close stomata to let right amounts in or out.

Question 40

What nutrients help plants?

Answer 40

Potassium - needed for healthy leaves and flowers
Magnesium - for making chlorophyll
Nitrates - contain nitrogen for healthy growth. Used to make amino acids which subsequently make proteins.
Phosphates - mineral containing phosphorus for healthy roots

Question 41

Where do plants get minerals from?

Answer 41

Soil and are absorbed through root hairs. Return minerals to soil when they die or leaves are shed.

Fertilisers contain minerals