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me. IPA > Lungs & Thorax > Flashcards

Lungs & Thorax Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What are the true ribs?

A

True ribs are ribs 1-7

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2
Q

What are the false ribs?

A

False ribs are ribs 8, 9, and 10

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3
Q

What are the floating ribs?

A

Floating ribs are ribs 11 and 12

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4
Q

What is an important landmark in the thorax?

A

The second intercostal space

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5
Q

What is the function of the upper respiratory tract?

A

Warming, filtering, and humidifying inspired air

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6
Q

Which bronchus is shorter, wider, and straighter?

A

The right bronchus

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7
Q

What is the midclavicular line important for?

A

It is important for cardiac assessments

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8
Q

What should be avoided during percussion of the thorax?

A

Scapula obstructing the area

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9
Q

What happens to the trachea in cases of pneumothorax?

A

The trachea may not be midline

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10
Q

What muscles work hard during breathing difficulties?

A

Scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscles

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11
Q

What is the primary role of the respiratory system?

A

To provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the circulatory system

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12
Q

What does bradypnea refer to?

A

Abnormal slowing of respiration

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13
Q

What does tachypnea indicate?

A

Abnormal increase in respiration rate

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14
Q

What is apnea?

A

Temporary cessation of breathing

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15
Q

What is Kussmaul breathing associated with?

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis

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16
Q

What is Cheyne-Stokes breathing?

A

An abnormal pattern of progressively deeper and sometimes faster breathing followed by gradual decrease resulting in apnea

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17
Q

What does cyanosis indicate?

A

Deoxygenated blood and inadequate oxygen supply

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18
Q

What is the common cause of hemoptysis?

A

Bronchitis

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19
Q

What is orthopnea?

A

Difficulty breathing while lying flat

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20
Q

What is wheezing characterized by?

A

Abnormally high-pitched noise from a partially obstructed airway

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21
Q

What is the difference between central and peripheral cyanosis?

A

Central cyanosis indicates inadequate gas exchange; peripheral cyanosis reflects excessive oxygen extraction

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22
Q

What is pleuritic pain?

A

Sharp, stabbing pain felt during inspiration due to inflammation of the parietal pleura

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23
Q

What is the significance of snoring?

A

Heavy snoring is associated with obstructive sleep apnea

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24
Q

What does stridor indicate?

Study These Flashcards
A

A medical emergency associated with turbulent airflow through a partially obstructed airway

25
What are the two types of COPD?
Emphysema and chronic bronchitis
26
What is the hallmark of emphysema?
Difficulty exhaling air
27
What does tactile fremitus assess?
The transmitted vibrations felt when a patient says '99'
28
What does increased tactile fremitus indicate?
Pneumonia
29
What percussion sound indicates a solid organ?
Dull sound
30
What does a tympanic percussion sound indicate?
Hollow air-containing structure
31
What is the normal respiratory rate?
12-20 breaths per minute
32
What are the three normal breath sounds?
* Vesicular * Bronchovesicular * Bronchial
33
What are crackles (rales)?
Sounds associated with fluid in alveoli and airways
34
What does wheezing signify?
Air forced through narrowed airways
35
What is egophony?
Change in sound when the patient says 'ee' during auscultation
36
What does bronchophony indicate?
Louder, clearer sounds transmitted through the chest, indicating abnormality
37
What is whispered pectoriloquy?
Assessment of whispered sounds during auscultation
38
What is egophony?
A change in voice sounds when assessing for pneumonia, characterized by a nasal quality when the patient says 'E' ## Footnote Egophony is typically assessed during auscultation and indicates consolidation in the lungs.
39
What combination of symptoms indicates pneumonia?
Fever, cough, bronchial breath sounds, egophony ## Footnote These symptoms are commonly assessed in a clinical setting to diagnose pneumonia.
40
How do you perform bronchophony?
Have the patient say '99' while auscultating ## Footnote Normal findings show muffled and indistinct sounds, while louder, clearer sounds indicate abnormalities.
41
What does whispered pectoriloquy assess?
The clarity of whispered sounds during auscultation ## Footnote Normal findings show little to no transmitted sound, while louder, clearer sounds indicate abnormalities.
42
What is kyphoscoliosis?
A spinal curvature and vertebral rotation that affects lung function ## Footnote This thoracic deformity can lead to respiratory issues.
43
Define barrel chest.
An increased anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the thorax ## Footnote This deformity is often associated with chronic lung conditions.
44
What is flail chest?
Multiple adjacent rib fractures causing an injured area to cave in with inspiration ## Footnote This condition can severely compromise respiratory mechanics.
45
What is pectus excavatum?
A depression in the lower portion of the sternum, also called 'funnel chest' ## Footnote May lead to compression of the heart and great vessels.
46
What is pectus carinatum?
A condition where the sternum is displaced anteriorly, known as 'pigeon chest' ## Footnote This deformity may also increase the AP diameter.
47
What are the signs of pleurisy?
Pleural rub and infection of the pleural cavity ## Footnote Patients may experience sharp chest pain that worsens with breathing.
48
What is pleural effusion?
A condition characterized by pleural fluid accumulation leading to decreased or absent breath sounds ## Footnote May also present with egophony and pleural rub.
49
What is a pneumothorax?
The presence of air or gas in the pleural cavity, leading to absence of sound ## Footnote This condition can cause lung collapse and requires immediate medical attention.
50
What does hemothorax indicate?
The presence of blood in the pleural cavity, leading to decreased or absent breath sounds ## Footnote This can occur due to trauma or other medical conditions.
51
What are the clinical signs of pneumonia?
Crackles/rales, rhonchi, cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, difficulty breathing ## Footnote Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs.
52
Define acute bronchitis.
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes lasting up to three weeks ## Footnote Acute bronchitis usually follows a viral infection.
53
What characterizes chronic bronchitis?
Cough lasting three consecutive months for two years in a row ## Footnote Chronic bronchitis is a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
54
What is asthma?
A chronic disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction leading to breathing difficulty ## Footnote Asthma may present with wheezing and absence of sound during severe attacks.
55
What happens in emphysema?
Destruction of the air sacs that exchange gas in the lungs, leading to absence of sound ## Footnote This condition is also a form of COPD.
56
What is atelectasis?
Complete or partial collapse of the lung or lung area, leading to decreased or absent breath sounds ## Footnote It can occur when alveoli become deflated or filled with fluid.
57
What preventive measures should be taken for lung health?
Smoking cessation, vaccination for influenza, pneumococcal disease, COVID-19 ## Footnote These measures are crucial for reducing respiratory disease risk.
58
What is a normal thorax assessment finding?
Symmetric thorax with good expansion, resonant lungs, vesicular breath sounds ## Footnote Normal diaphragmatic descent is about 4 cm bilaterally.
59
What are abnormal thorax assessment findings?
Asymmetric thorax, severe kyphosis, decreased expansion, hyperresonant lungs ## Footnote Abnormal findings should always be reported.

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