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lymphatic & immune system (lec) Flashcards

(109 cards)

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1
Q

components of the lymphatic system?

A

lymphatic vessels & lymphatic organs

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2
Q

main cell of the immune system

A

lymphocytes

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3
Q

these are the longest living cell in the cells of the blood

A

lymphocytes

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4
Q

the only cell that can multiply even outside the bone marrow

A

lymphocytes

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5
Q

T or F: other cells go back into the circulation once they leave

A

F

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6
Q

T or F: lymphocytes cannot re-enter the circulation

A

F

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7
Q

are lymphocytes specific or non-specific?

A

specific

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8
Q

all other WBCs are specific or non-specific?

A

non-specific

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9
Q

the three forms of lymphatic tissue?

A

loose lymphatic tissue, dense lymphatic tissue, nodular lymphatic tissue

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10
Q

2 main drainage of the lymphatic system?

A

thoracic duct & right lymphatic duct

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11
Q

thoracic duct originates from ______ and empties to ________.

A

cisterna chyli to left subclavian vein (junction w/ left internal jugular vein)

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12
Q

right lymphatic duct empties to _________.

A

the right subclavian vein (junction w/ right internal jugular vein)

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13
Q

what are the lymphatic ograns made of?

A

lymphatic cells / lymphocytes & lymphatic tissues

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14
Q

what are the lymphatic organs?

A
  • lymph nodes
  • thymus
  • spleen
  • tonsils
  • peyer’s patch/es
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15
Q

most common among all lymphatic organs, found all over the body

A

lymph nodes

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16
Q

what is the main function of the lymph nodes?

A

filter unwanted substances

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17
Q

lymph nodes are located along __________?

A

along lymphatic vessels : head, neck, axilla, abdominal region, and inguinal area

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18
Q

injury to foot

A

activates inguinal nodes to filter bacteria, multiplication of bacteria or microorg in the inguinal nodes –> inflammatory process that prevents spread of infection

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19
Q

breast cancer

A

once the breast cancers metastisize (go to diff. organ) it passes to the axillary node –> go to diff. nodes & vascular system (once they drain from the jugular vein = it will go to arterial & venous system)

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20
Q

lymphatic system is ______ way and _________ only

A

one way & for drainage only

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21
Q

arterial & venous system _________ and works as __________ & ___________.

A

circulates, works as supply and drainage systems

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22
Q

a large organ found in the mediastinum

A

thymus

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23
Q

T or F: the thymus is bigger in childhood and becomes smaller as you grow older

A

T

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24
Q

T or F: the thymus only has a cortex

A

F : thymus contains a cortex and a medulla

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25
characteristic cell of the thymus?
Hassal's or Thymic corpuscles
26
the only lymphatic organ with NO nodular tissue and ONLY dense and loose lymphatic tissues
thymus
27
the only lymphatic organ made up of mostly T-CELLS
thymus
28
thymus is made up majorly of what type of cell?
T-CELL
29
largest lymphatic organ
spleen
30
location of the spleen?
left hypochondriac region
31
location of liver?
right hypochondriac region
32
graveyard of dead, drying, and deformed RBC?
spleen
33
disorder in the blood that leads to enlargement of the spleen?
SPLENOMEGALY
34
the main function of the spleen?
filtration of blood
35
common function of all lymphatic organs
lymphopoesis
36
process of forming / production of lymphocytes?
lymphopoesis
37
STRUCTURE OF THE SPLEEN
* Encapsulated * Red Pulp * White Pulp
38
- contains abundant RBC and macrophages - reddish area due to pesence of RBC
red pulp
39
- contains lymphocytes - dark area due to presence of lots of WBC
white pulp
40
these are aggregations of lymphoid tissue
tonsils
41
T or F: several groups of tonsils forms a barrier that guards the entrance of the ailmentary and respiratory tracts from invasionof microorganisms
F : several groups of tonsils forms a RING not a barrier
42
the ring formed by several groups of tonsils that guards the ailmentary and respiratory tracts from invasion of microorganisms is called?
Waldeyer's Ring
43
function of Waldeyer's Ring?
filter & kill unwanted substances
44
COMPONENTS OF WALDEYER'S RING?
* palatine tonsils * lingual tonsils * nasopharyngeal tonsil
45
location of the palatine tonsil?
oral cavity
46
- the tonsil you see when you open your mouth - one referred to when you say "tonsilitis"
palatine tonsils
47
palatine tonsil is partially covered with capsule made up of ___________.
stratified non-keratinized epithelium
48
location of the lingual tonsils?
at the base of the tongue
49
location of the nasopharyngeal tonsil?
in the nasal cavity
50
nasopharyngeal tonsil is covered by ___________ or _____________.
respiratory epithelium or pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
51
if the nasopharyngeal tonsil is enlarged in children, it is then called as?
adenoid
52
these are special accumulation / clusters of nodules of lymphocytes in the ILEUM
Peyer's Patch/es
53
location of Peyer's Patch/es?
in the lamina propia of the ileum
54
main function of Peyer's Patch/es?
protection (contains a lot of lymphocytes that protects the digestive system = prevents bacteria from reaching the intestinal wall)
55
GALT
gut associated lymphatic tissue
56
most lymphoid tissue are located in?
in the mucosa of the respiratory tract, digestive tract, and genito-urinary tract (MALT = mucosa associated lymphatic tissue)
57
natural defense of the body against diseases
immunity
58
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF IMMUNITY?
- rejects transplants & blood transfusion - forms allergies - forms autoimmune disorders - GOOD : controlled - BAD : uncontrolled
59
2 main types of immunity?
1. Innate Immunity (Non-Specific) 2. Specific (Acquired/Adaptive) Immunity
60
- present at birth - its natural form of immunity : skin, saliva, mucus secreted, tears, sebum, cerumen of ear (protection from foreignor unwanted substances or antigen)
innate immunity
61
anything that is foreign and not you is an ______.
antigen
62
reaction produces ___________, something that is against the antigen.
antibody/ies
63
T or F: reactions are different
T: no reactions from everyone are the same
64
natural reaction of the body which is different from another body is described as?
idiosyncratic reactions
65
type of immunity wherein you already have specific antibody for a specific antigen
specific (acquired/adaptive) immunity
66
production of antibodies for measles & life-long protection
vaccine for measles (example of specific immunity)
67
TYPES OF MATURE LYMPHOCYTES?
1. T-CELL (specific) 2. B-CELL (specific) 3. NK CELL or Natural Killer Cell (non-specific)
68
all lymphocytes are formed where?
in the bone marrow
69
it goes to the Thymus for maturity?
T-CELL
70
+ other cells
helper T cells
71
attack the infected cells, virus, cancer cells, and foreign body
cytotoxic T cell
72
terminate normal immune response
supressor T cell
73
it goes to the bone marrow for maturity then transfers to the lymph nodes and spleen
B CELL
74
involved in humoral immunity
B CELL
75
humoral immunity involves what responses?
- primary immune response - secondary immune response
76
- most important of all lymphocytes - able to stimulate the cell mediated response of T CELLS (CMI) - able to stimulate the humoral mediated response by B CELLS - stimulates the phagocytic system - the T CELLS specifically destroyed by AIDS = no cure yet
helper T-cells
77
- found in T cell and B cell - specific (due to memory)
memory cell
78
Specific (Acquired/Adaptive) Immunity is then further subdivided into 2 types of immunity called?
1. Active Immunity 2. Passive Immunity
79
active immunity are further divided into 2 known as?
1. natural 2. artificial
80
- individual's own immune system is the cause of immunity - the body PRODUCES ITS OWN ANTIBODIES
active immunity
81
exposure during childhood, antigens are introduced thru natural exposure / natural diseases
natural active immunity
82
- antigens are deliberately introduced via vaccines - produce antibodies in the body through vaccines
artificial active immunity
83
immunity is TRANSFERRED from another person or animal
passive immunity
84
comes from mother to child, usually effective during first 3 months of life
natural passive immunity
85
what immunoglobulin is inherited from the mother?
IgG
86
gives the antibodies to you which will protect you for the first 3 months or sometimes first 6 months of life
mother
87
T or F: whatever the antibody the mother has will be given to the baby
T: unless the mother do not have the specific antibody for an antigen yet
88
T or F: it is common to see newborn babies with diseases
F: this is because the mother passes her antibodies to the baby for the first 3 to 6 months
89
antibodies are produced in the lab or some other body or person then given to you
artificial passive immunity
90
examples of artificial passive immunity?
* ex. bitten by dog = rabies --> antirabies serum = an antibody produced outside your body * ex. bitten by snake = venom --> antibody against venom to be introduced
91
T or F: Antigen (Ag) is the body's opponent
T
92
T or F: Antibody (Ab) is the body's protection
T
93
we have how many immunoglobulin classes?
5
94
what are the 5 immunoglobulin classes?
igG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD
95
most common type of immunoglobulin (Ig)
IgG
96
All IgG are?
monomers
97
*75% of the Ig *crosses the placenta *weakly activates the complement system *most abundant *arrives only late at the infectious process
IgG
98
Ig for active infection?
IgM
99
Ig that is present when you are already protected?
IgG
100
Ig that is secretory and in all secretions?
IgA
101
* 15% of Ig * dimers * found in saliva, colostrum (first milk of mother), tears, mucus, urine
IgA
102
Ig that is largest in size?
IgM
103
* pentamer * most potent activator of complement system * 1st antibody during an infectious process * 7-10%
IgM
104
* increased in allergic & parasitic reactions * less than 1% of Ig
IgE
105
* < 1% * exists only as a monomer * main Ab on the surface of lymphocytes of newborn
IgD
106
first milk of the mother?
colostrum
107
a dimer?
IgA
108
a pentamer?
IgM
109
monomers?
IgG and IgD

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