reticuloendothelial system (lec) Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
reticuloendothelial system
A
mononuclear phagocyte system
2
Q
phagocytic cells are called?
A
macrophages
3
Q
It is part of the innate immune system
A
RES
4
Q
ready to protect our body
A
phagocyctes
5
Q
cells that are ready to attack and ingest microorganisms
A
macrophages
6
Q
reticular cells contain?
A
reticular fibers (stain only by silver = argyrophilic); forms net
7
Q
largest organ
A
liver
8
Q
majority of monocyctes are found in?
A
liver
9
Q
thymus contains?
A
reticular fibers and macrophages
10
Q
lymph nodes contains?
A
reticular fibers with phagocytes
11
Q
bone marrow’s nucleus?
A
horse shoe shaped
12
Q
blood cells are produced in the?
A
bone marrow
13
Q
mucosa lymphoid tissue composed of?
A
GIT, respiratory tract, genito urinary tract
14
Q
has high capacity for active liposomes?
A
liver
15
Q
the site of accumulation of liposomes for tissue concentration
A
spleen
16
Q
region of aqueous solution inside a hydrophobic membraine; 10 fold higher than other organs
A
liposomes
17
Q
main organs of the RES
A
liver and spleen
18
Q
leukocytes/leucocyctes a.k.a?
A
WBC or white blood cells
19
Q
cellular components of the WBC?
A
monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils
20
Q
most abundant & the 1st responder in acute bacterial infection
A
neutrophils
21
Q
responsible for allergy and asthmatic reactions
A
eosinophils
22
Q
macrophages are _______________ in origin.
A
mesodermal
23
Q
macrophages are named differently according to ______________.
A
their location
24
Q
macrophages in skin?
A
langerhan’s cells
25
macrophages in liver?
kupffer cells or von kupffer cells
26
macrophages in bones?
osteoclast
27
macrophages in brain?
microglia
28
macrophages in lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen?
dendritic
29
macrophages in connective tissue?
tissue histiocytes
30
macrophages in lungs?
alveolar macrophages; as group (langhans giant cell)
31
macrophages in kidney?
mesangial or interglomerular mesangial cells
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types of phagocytes?
professional and non-professional phagocytes
33
-for removing microorganisms by presenting antigens
-has receptors on the surfaces
professional phagocytes
34
examples of professional phagocytes?
*monocytes
*neutrophils
*macrophages
*mast cells
*dendritic cells
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these develop in the bone marrow > matures in the blood > leaves bloodstream within 20-24 hours > becomes macrophages
monocytes
36
stand guards in areas of the body exposed to antigens
macrophages
37
a.k.a as garbage collectors and ferocius killers?
macrophages
38
most abundant and engulfs invaders?
neutrophils
39
____ phagocytes in ____ of blood.
6 billion; 1 liter
40
these catch antigens and then prersents them to the lymphocytes that activates adaptive immune response
antigen presenting cells
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-phagocytosis is not their main function & lacks phagocytic function
-attach themselves to invaders
non-professional phagocytes
42
examples of non-professional phagocytes?
*fibroblast
*osteoblast
*mesenchymal cells
*epithelial cells
*blood vessels
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collagen which dissolves scars?
fibroblast
44
responsible for bone formation
osteoblast
45
types of macrophages?
fixed/standby macrophages & mobile/wandering macrophages
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they filter and destroy objects that are foreign to the body like bacteria, viruses, etc.
fixed macrophages
47
example of fixed macrophages?
langerhan's cell in epidermis
48
they remain at the site of action, sticks along the inner blood vessels, snatch and eat microorganisms as they pass
fixed macrophages
49
kupffer, microglia, mesangial and alveolar macrophages are example of what type of macrophages?
fixed
50
found more on lungs and intestine?
fixed macrophages
51
they are grouped together to become one big cell
mobile macrophages
52
mobile macrophages moves in _____ and ______ in order to detect invaders
bloodstream; lymph nodes
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other possible ways of the mobile macrophages are within the ______, ________, and ________.
lymph glands, body cavity/ies, connective tissues
54
mobile macrophages _____ re-enter the circulation.
never
55
mobile macrophages live for _______ days.
20-30 days
56
patrols tissue and phagocytize
mobile macrophages
57
which specific cell engulfs the tuberculum bacilli?
langhans giant cell
58
what does the langhans giant cell in the lungs engulf?
tuberculum bacilli
59
mesangial cells a.k.a?
interglomerular mesangial cells (in kidney)
60
monoblast a.k.a?
myeloblast
61
FORMATION OF MACROPHAGES?
1. bone marrow as stem cells
2. monoblast > promonocyte > monocyte
3. monocytes stays in bloodstream for 10-20 hours
4. turns into macrophages
5. life span of a few months
62
macrophages can either be __________ or ____________.
inflammatory, anti-inflammatory
63
characterisics of transformation of monocytes to macrophages?
*increase in cell size
*number of complexity of intracellular organelles like golgi, mitochondria, and lysosome
*intracellular digestive enzymes
64
properties of wbc?
-margination
-phagocytosis
-diapedesis
-amoeboid movement
-chemotaxis
-vacuolization
65
cells line up along the inner walls of the blood vessel?
margination
66
pseudopods of WBC extends to the capillary pores?
diapedesis
67
pseudopods (false-feet) movement; they follow as they move
amoeboid movement
68
secretion of substances that attract in injuries of tissue or repels bacteria
chemotaxis
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attraction in injuries to tissue
positive chemotaxis
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repel of bacteria
negative chemotaxis
71
engulfing of bacteria, microorganisms, pathogens, etc.
phagocytosis
72
foreign particles engulfed by the phagocyte cell and then surrounds invader & acid substance released destroys it
vacuolization
73
general functions of the RES?
*phagocytosis
*immune function (indirect)
*breakdown of aging RBC
*storage and circulation of iron
74
*cytokines & antibodies are produced
*produces products that inhibit the reproduction of microorganisms and promotes immunity
immune function
75
*happens in the spleen
*materials left from breakdown are used to produce more Hgb
breakdown of aging RBC
76
clearing of the various subtrates like proteins, lipoproteins, bilirubin, and Hgb happens where?
in the liver
77
substrates are?
proteins. lipoproteins, bilirubin, Hgb
78
*filtering agent of blood
*immunoglobulin coated blood cells
spleen
79
phagocytosis can "eat" larger than ____ like apopotic cells and removes dead cells.
5 micrometer
80
permanent loss of the reproducting capacity of microorganisms under the ideal environment conditions
microbial killing
81
*a soft palpable gray organ
*filters blood
*high vascular
*reservoir of blood incase of hemorraghic shocks)
*has T cells and B cells
spleen
82
spleen is located at the?
left upper outer quadrant of the abdomen
83
T cells are found at the?
PALS (peri anterior lymphoid sheet)
84
B cells are found at?
more on the spleen
85
absence of the spleen could lead to?
pneumococcal infections and predisposition toward certain infections
86
spleen is also responsible for recycling ______.
iron
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abnormality of RBC
spherocytosis
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structure of the spleen?
capsule, red pulp, white pulp
89
contains lymphocytes, macrophages, rbc
capsule
90
contains abundant RBC and macrophages
red pulp
91
contains lymphocytes
white pulp
92
two types of circulation of the spleen?
open and close circulation
93
anterior > sinusoids > veins
open circulation
94
unique in spleen; some blood goes into spaces before the sinusoids, filters abnormal RBC
close circulation
95
immune functions of the spleen?
*respond faster to blood-borne antigens
*reservoir of B cells
*site for phagocytosis
*site for B cell differentiation
*remove antibody coated bacteria
96
removal of the spleen?
splenectomy
97
possible causes of splenectomy?
*hypersplenism
*primary spleen cancers
*haemolytic anemia: sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, hereditary spherocytosis (HS), elliptocytosis
*idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
*trauma
*hodgkin's disease
*autoimmune hemolytic disorders
98
risks of splenectomy? (young individuals)
*risk of bacterial infection or post splenectomy sepsis
*patient prone to bacterial pneumonia
*inflammation of the pancreas and collapse of the lungs
*excessive post-operative bleeding (surgical) = decrease in the platelets in the spleen
*post-operative thrombocytosis and thrombosis
99
other disorders of the spleen are?
*lymph node disease = lymphoma
*mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas (MALT)
*burkitt's lymphoma or non-burkitt's lymphoma
