lymphatic system

Question 1

what is the job of the lymphatic system?

Answer 1

to return fluids that leak from vascular
system back to the blood

Question 2

how many litres of blood per day is filtrated?

Answer 2

20 letres, (17L is taken back up into blood system whilst 3L is kept in interstitial space)

Question 3

what does interstitial fluid do?

Answer 3

allows nutrients, waste and gas exchange between blood and cells

Question 4

Lymphatic vessels return ??? and plasma proteins to blood

Answer 4

lymph fluid

Question 5

which way/where to does lymph flow?

Answer 5

flows unidirectionally to the heart

Question 6

lymphatic capillaries collect ??? from what space?

Answer 6

Collect lymph from interstitial space

Question 7

how permeable ar lymphatic capillaries? why?

Answer 7

VERY permeable. to allow exchange and facilitate absorption

Question 8

TRUE or FALSE: Endothelial cells tightly overlap forming one-way
mini-valves

Answer 8

FALSE, they are VERY LOOSE

Question 9

what provides structural support?

Answer 9

collagen filaments

Question 10

why do lymphatic capillaries need structural support?

Answer 10

so that interstitial fluid pressure doesn’t
collapse lymphatic capillaries

Question 11

do proteins enter blood for absorbance?

Answer 11

No, they too big so enter lymph system instead.

Question 12

what triggers lymphatic capillaries to widen? WHY?

Answer 12

inflammation and disease. To take up cell debris, pathogens, and cancer cells

Question 13

what do lymph nodes filter?

Answer 13

lymph nodes filter the lymph fluid passing through them.

Question 14

what are the specialised lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine called?

Answer 14

lacteals

Question 15

how is fat absorbed into blood? not through normal capillaries

Answer 15

fat is broken down and absorbed through the lymphatic systems lacteals

Question 16

what do lymphatic capillaries drain into?

Answer 16

lymphatic collecting vessels

Question 17

What do superficial lymphatic collecting vessels travel with?

Answer 17

Collecting vessels in the skin travel with superficial veins

Question 18

What do deep lymphatic collecting vessels travel with?

Answer 18

Deep vessels travel
with deep arteries

Question 19

what has thinner walls and more valves? veins or collecting vessels?

Answer 19

lymphatic collecting vessels

Question 20

what are lymphatic trunks?

Answer 20

the union of lymphatic vessels

Question 21

what are the two lymphatic ducts

Answer 21

Right lymphatic duct and the Thoracic
duct which arises from the cisterna chyli

Question 22

which duct drains the collecting vessels and trunks from the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax

Answer 22

the right lymphatic duct

Question 23

which duct arises from the cisterna chyli and drains the rest of the body

Answer 23

the thoracic duct

Question 24

what do the lymphatic ducts empty their lymph into?

Answer 24

the venous system at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins on its own side of the body

Question 25

how is lymph propelled through the body?

Answer 25

milking action of skeletal muscle, pulsations of nearby blood vessels, smooth muscle contractions in walls of lymphatic vessels

Question 26

Lymphedema is caused when ??? is blocked

Answer 26

lymphatic vasculature

Question 27

Lymphatic filariasis is when a ??? lives in lymph system

Answer 27

a parasitic worm

Question 28

what are lymphoid cells called?

Answer 28

lymphocytes.

Question 29

there are two types of lymphocytes, ??? and ???

Answer 29

T-cells and B-cells

Question 30

what do T cells and B cells protect against?

Answer 30

antigens. eg foreign material, bacteria, viruses, toxins, etc

Question 31

What do B-cells produce?

Answer 31

plasma cells that secrete antibodies

Question 32

T cells can destroy and attack foreign cells, but can also Control / manage the immune response by secreting:

Answer 32

secreting chemicals that signal other immune cells into defense, e.g., multiplication of B cells

Question 33

reticular connective tissue comprises what?

Answer 33

Lymphatic tissue: a loose connective tissue

Question 34

nodules are solid, spherical bodies of tightly packed reticular fibres and lymphoid cells, also known as:

Answer 34

lymphatic follicles

Question 35

TRUE or FALSE: Diffuse lymphatic tissue: scattered reticular fibres in every body organ

Answer 35

TRUE

Question 36

where do lymph nodes cluster most in the body?

Answer 36

near the body surface in inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions

Question 37

the germinal centre found in lymph nodes contain what type of cell?

Answer 37

B-cells

Question 38

what does the cortex of a lymph node contain?

Answer 38

contains dendritic cells surrounding follicles with germinal centres, heavy with dividing B cells. Also T-cells on a very deep level

Question 39

the spleen is the site of ??? proliferation and ???

Answer 39

lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response

Question 40

what contains lymphocytes, macrophages, and huge numbers of erythrocytes

Answer 40

the spleen

Question 41

what stores breakdown products from Red Blood Cells for late ruse? eg iron

Answer 41

the spleen

Question 42

what type of pulp sits around the central arteries in the spleen?

Answer 42

white pulp

Question 43

splenic cords (reticular connective tissue) that surround venous sinuses in the spleen makes up which pulp?

Answer 43

red pulp

Question 44

TRUE or FALSE: the tonsils are made up of lymphatic tissue

Answer 44

TRUE

Question 45

what is the site for T-cell lymphocyte maturation?

Answer 45

the thymus