Rreproductive system- male

Question 1

The reproductive tracts house & facilitate movement of ??? & ???

Answer 1

gametes & fluids

Question 2

Accessory reproductive organs (aka secondary) include various ducts and glands as well as the ???

Answer 2

the external genitalia

Question 3

which muscle causes scrotum to wrinkle: dartos or cremaster

Answer 3

dartos muscle

Question 4

which muscle causes scrotum pull up in cold temperatures? Dartos or cremaster?

Answer 4

Cremaster muscle

Question 5

which cell type in the central lumen in the stratified epithelium of the scrotum releases produce androgens eg testosterone

Answer 5

leydig cells AKA interstitial endocrine cells

Question 6

Bulbo-urethral gland (aka Cowper’s) is pea sized, inferior to prostate and produces thick clear ??? which lubricates & ??? trace acidic urine prior to ejaculation

Answer 6

mucus which lubricates and neutralises trace acidic urine prior to ejaculation
- 5% of semen content

Question 7

which male gland produces fluid containing fructose, citric acid, and enzymes- seminal glands or prostate glands?

Answer 7

seminal gland

Question 8

which male gland produces fluid with nutrients and helps activate sperm- seminal glands or prostate glands?

Answer 8

prostate gland

Question 9

which gland is responsible for clearing acidic urine from the urethra & lubricating it?

Answer 9

bulbourethral glands

Question 10

what stimuli closes the internal urethral sphincters and stops urine from exiting with semen during ejaculation?

Answer 10

stimuli reaches critical level known as a spinal reflex mediated by sympathetic neurons

Question 11

what causes the reproductive ducts & glands to contract, emptying their contents into the urethra

Answer 11

a spinal reflex mediated by sympathetic neurons

Question 12

during ejaculation a second spinal reflex is triggered by the presence of ??? and mediated by ??? motor neurons

Answer 12

semen in urethra
somatic motor neurons

Question 13

which spermatogenic cell supports & makes a blood-testis barrier & binds testosterone? (THINK: sustain)

Answer 13

sertoli cells, aka sustentocytes

Question 14

sperm stem cells, called ??? constantly undergo mitotic division

Answer 14

spermatogonium

Question 15

spermatids (immature sperm) are formed from ???

Answer 15

primary spermatocytes

Question 16

maturation of spermatids occurs in seminiferous ??? to become ???

Answer 16

seminiferous tubules to become spermatozoa

Question 17

spermiogenesis is when the Spermatid ???, sheds most
of its ???, forms a tail

Answer 17

Spermatid elongates, sheds most
of its cytoplasm, forms a tail

Question 18

GnRH (gonadotrophin releasing
hormone) is released from the
???

Answer 18

hypothalamus

Question 19

gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) causes the release of ??? and ??? from the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 19

FSH & LH release by the anterior
pituitary (follicle stimulating &
luteinizing hormones, aka
gonadotropins)

Question 20

TRUE or FALSE:
FSH stimulates spermatogenesis via
sustentocytes in the testes which
release ABP (androgen-binding protein)
to keep testosterone nearby

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

TRUE or FALSE: LH stimulates testosterone
secretion (also estrogen) from
interstitial endocrine cells

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

Hormone production is controlled by the
??? Axis

Answer 22

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) Axis

Question 23

Is the following a negative or positive feedback loop?
Testosterone and Inhibin inhibits GnRH, FHS and LH release whilst hyppthalamus forms –> start of puberty
* → more GnRH is released
* → more FSH & LH
* → more testosterone!
* → spermatogenesis

Answer 23

Negative feedback loop

Question 24

Inhibin is produced by Sertoli cells when sperm count is high and inhibits ???

Answer 24

GnRH, FHS, LH