Lymphatic System

Question 1

3 functions of the Lymphatic system

Answer 1

-Fluid balance
(takes up excess tissue fluid and returns it to the blood stream and heart)
-Fat absorption
(from the digestive tract and transports them to the blood stream/circulatory system)
-Defense
(works with the immune system to protect against disease)

Question 2

What is the fluid found within the interstitial space surrounding tissue cells?

Answer 2

Lymph

Question 3

what is found in lymph?

Answer 3

• mostly water
• nutirents, electrolytes, and oxygen
• white blood cells

Question 4

lymph drains from tissues into the _____?

Answer 4

Lymph vessels

Question 5

structures of the lymphatic system?

Answer 5

tonsils
spleen
adenoids
thymus

Question 6

when is the interstitial tissue fluid considered lymph?

Answer 6

when it is absorbed into the lymphatic capillaries

Question 7

why do we need white blood cells within the lymph?

Answer 7

Cell debris, bacteria, viruses enter lymphatic capillaries easily, especially when inflamed

Question 8

describe the pathway of lymph

Answer 8

1. Starts in interstitial space
2. Picked up by lymphatic capillaries
3. Lymph vessels (afferent)
4. Lymph nodes (filtering area)
5. Lymph vessels (efferent)
6. Lymph trunk
7. Lymph ducts (have 2) Rt. Lymphatic and L. thoracic
8. Back to big veins

Question 9

lymphatic duct that drains the left side of the head, left chest, left arm, and the lower body “power horse”

Answer 9

Thoracic Duct

Question 10

lymphatic duct that drains the right side of the head, right chest, and right arm

Answer 10

Right lymphatic duct

Question 11

how does the body move lymph?

2 examples of this?

Answer 11

Skeletal muscle contraction

• Peristalsis
• exercise

Question 12

localized swelling caused by the accumulation of lymph?

Answer 12

Edema

Question 13

which lymphatic organs

Defends against bacteria and other foreign agents from food you eat and inhaled air? (2)

Answer 13

Tonsils and adenoids

Question 14

which lymphatic organ

Drains right upper portion of the body

Answer 14

right lymphatic duct

Question 15

which lymphatic organ

is a site where certain white blood cells acquire means to chemically recognize specific foreign invaders

Answer 15

Thymus gland

Question 16

which lymphatic organ

Drains most of the body

Answer 16

Thoracic Duct

Question 17

which lymphatic organ
is the site where antibodies are manufactured; disposal site for old red blood cells and foreign debris; site of red blood cell formation in the embryo

Answer 17

Spleen

Question 18

which lymphatic organ

returns excess interstitial fluid and reclaimable solutes to the blood

Answer 18

Lymph vessels

Question 19

Which lymphatic organ

Filters bacteria and many other agents of disease from lymph

Answer 19

Lymph nodes

Question 20

the 2 places where do lymphocytes originate and/or mature?

Answer 20

Red Bone Marrow, Thymus

Question 21

in the red bone marrow lymphocytes change into _____, _____, or ______.

which ones mature in..
red marrow?
Thymus?

Answer 21

B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
Natural Killer Cells

Marrow= B lymphocytes
Thymus= T lymphocytes

Question 22

what lymphatic organ is critical to immunity and shrinks as person ages?

Answer 22

thymus

Question 23

thymus produces hormones called _____, that aid in maturation of T lymphocytes

Answer 23

Thymosin

Question 24

what lymphatic organ is
the largest, and filters blood?

does this organ filter lymph too?

Answer 24

Spleen

no, lymph does not enter any organs

Question 25

what is found within the spleen along with lymphocytes that engulf debris and remove old RBCs?

Answer 25

Macrophages | in the form of white blood cells

Question 26

what lymphatic structures are small egg-shaped structures located along lymphatic vessels containing B/T lymphocytes and macrophages.

Answer 26

Lymph nodes

Question 27

3 functions of lymph nodes

Answer 27

1. Testing stations – monitor the blood by receiving the blood plasma. 2. create lymphocytes - to try and destroy foreign invaders (bacteria) 3. Filtering station – only returns clean fluid back to the blood

Question 28

what are Lymph nodules are? | where can they be found?

Answer 28

Concentrations of lymphatic tissue that are not surrounded by a capsule Tonsils, Peyer Patches (found in small intestine), Appendix.

Question 29

surgical removal of lymph nodes called _________ creates painful edema.

Answer 29

Lymphadenectomy

Question 30

swelling in the arms or legs from obstruction/ blockage within lymphatic system is called?

Answer 30

lymphedema

Question 31

Difference between | Lymphadenitis and Lymphangitis

Answer 31

Lymphangitis= infection in the lymph vessels Lymphadenitis= Infection of the lymph nodes

Question 32

cancer of the lymphatic tissue

Answer 32

Lymphoma

Question 33

edema in the lungs is called

Answer 33

Pulmonary edema

Question 34

parasitic infection of lymphatic vessels

Answer 34

Elephantiasis

Question 35

the immune system is made of ______ and ______ defenses. which is defends against particular pathogens?

Answer 35

Specific and non specific specific defense

Question 36

type of immunity from invading pathogens that is generalized? examples of 1st line of defense: Physical, and Chemical.

Answer 36

Non specific examples: physical= skin, mucous membranes, cilia, chemical= sebaceous glands (oil on skin), Lysozyme (antibacterial enzyme in sweat, saliva, and tears), Urine, pH of stomach, Normal Flora (good bacteria), stomach acid.

Question 37

immunity second line of defense is a series of events that occur when tissue is damaged by physical or chemical agents or by pathogens?

Answer 37

Inflammatory response

Question 38

4 signs of inflammatory response

Answer 38

a. Redness b. Heat c. Swelling d. Pain

Question 39

third line of defense for the immune system

Answer 39

Specific B lymphocytes- antibody response T lymphocytes- produce messenger cytokines, stimulate B cells, direct cell destruction

Question 40

Creating an immune response happens 3 ways

Answer 40

Natural active immunity= exposure to antigen, get sick, make antibodies Artificial Immunity= Vaccines Natural Passive immunity occurs between mother and child via placenta or breast milk.

Question 41

hypersensitivity reactions in the immune system can occur by 3 things

Answer 41

Allergies tissue rejection autoimmune disease

Question 42

auto immune diseases cause ____ or _____ to attack bodies own cells

Answer 42

T cells or antibodies

Question 43

autoimmune disease where... Synaptic junctions between motor nerves & skeletal muscle are destroyed. Neuromuscular junctions don’t work, causing muscular weakness

Answer 43

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 44

autoimmune disease where... Myelin sheath of nerve fibers is attacked. Wide variety of neurological & neuromuscular symptoms including muscle weakness, paralysis, blurred vision, dizziness and deafness

Answer 44

Multiple Sclerosis

Question 45

autoimmune disease where... a. Antibodies directed against multiple self antigens, including one’s own DNA b. Can cause facial rashes, arthritis, anemia, and kidney disease

Answer 45

•Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Question 46

autoimmune disease that... a. Affects joints b. Causes pain, stiffness & deformity

Answer 46

•Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 47

autoimmune disease that... a. Affects the digestive system, causing b. diarrhea, which results in fluid & nutrient loss

Answer 47

•Crohn’s Disease & Ulcerative Colitis