Respiratory system

Question 1

• Respiratory System Functions

Answer 1

GAS EXCHANGE

O2/CO2

Question 2

How is gas exchange between O2 and Co2 achieved?

Answer 2

Inspiration and expiration

Question 3

• The respiratory and the cardiovascular systems work closely together on 4 actions

Answer 3

1. Pulmonary ventilation – breathing
2. External respiration – gas exchange between air and blood
3. Internal respiration – gas exchange between blood and tissue
4. Gas transport – to and from lungs and tissues

Question 4

What’s the relationship between O2 and ATP

Answer 4

In cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen react to form ATP.

Question 5

• What is ATP
• Why do we need it
• how do we make it?

Answer 5

• ATP= Adenosine triphosphate- only form of energy our body can use.
• Needs to be created AS we use it (exercising) because we cannot store a lot of it
• Formed in 2 ways Aerobic and Anaerobic

Question 6

Which form of ATP synthesis:
body burning nutrients when there is o2 present, generates at high rates yet limited by the amount of energy that can be release in a bout of intense exercise, Has huge capacity but has an issue with delivering energy quickly.

Answer 6

Aerobic

Question 7

Which form of ATP synthesis:

from chemical reactions when there is not O2 available

Answer 7

Anaerobic

Question 8

Structures in the upper respiratory tract

Answer 8

• Nasal Cavity
• Nostrils
• Paranasal sinuses
• Pharynx
• Glottis
• Epiglottis
• Larynx

Question 9

Structures in the lower respiratory tract

Answer 9

• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Bronchioles
• Lungs
• Alveoli
• Pulmonary capillaries

Question 10

The upper and lower respiratory tract function is to

Answer 10

Clean and purify air on the way to the lungs

Question 11

Path of air flow in the respiratory system

Answer 11

environment o2 rich air > nasal cavity > pharynx > trachea > Bronchi > bronchioles > alveoli of lungs > exchange of o2 and Co2 happens in alveoli > Co2 rich blood enters bronchi > Trachea > Nasal Cavity > environment

Question 12

What is the respiratory systems first line of defense?

How does it protect us?

Answer 12

Mucociliary escalator

• Nasal hairs, cilia, and mucus cleanse inhaled air as it passes through the airway by trapping pathogens, pollutants, dust, bugs, etc.
• Cilia located throughout respiratory track create an upward flow expelling the pollutants

Question 13

what lines the nasal cavity to clean, warm and moisten

Answer 13

Mucus membrane

Question 14

what structure connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and is a passage way for both food and air?
“The throat”

Answer 14

Pharynx

Question 15

3 parts of Pharynx

Answer 15

o Nasopharynx
o Oropharynx
o Laryngopharynx

Question 16

what part of the pharynx provides the primary lymphatic tissue defense for breathing

Answer 16

Tonsils

Question 17

• Cartilaginous passageway for air between the pharynx and trachea
• Houses the vocal cords

Answer 17

The larynx

Question 18

separation between the vocal cords

Answer 18

Glottis

Question 19

flap of cartilage that prevents food from passing the glottis and entering the larynx

Answer 19

Epiglottis

Question 20

What structure connects the larynx to the primary bronchi

•Anterior to the esophagus

Answer 20

Trachea

Question 21

why does the trachea have C-shaped cartilage rings?

Answer 21

o Creates an airway

o Allows for expansion of the esophagus

Question 22

An Adams apple is made of

Answer 22

Thyroid cartilage

Question 23

trachea divides into the left and right ______.
which branches into ______.
these divide into even smaller structures called _______ which lead to ________.

Answer 23

primary bronchi
secondary bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli

Question 24

the right lung has ___ lobes/secondary bronchi

the left lung has ___ lobes/ secondary bronchi

Answer 24

R=3

L=2

Question 25

The lungs are located in the ______.

Answer 25

Thoracic cavity

Question 26

encloses the lungs to protect, moisten, provide friction absorption during respiration, and creates surface tension b/w membrane layers

Answer 26

Pleural membrane

Question 27

Pleurisy is

Answer 27

inflammation of the pleurae secondary to poor secretion of pleural fluid

Question 28

Explain gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries.

Answer 28

- The alveoli have a thin membrane that allows O2 to diffuse out of it. - The capillaries surrounding the alveoli let the O2 in to be absorbed by a RBC via hemoglobin - At the same time other RBCs release Co2 and it is absorbed into the alveoli and then out of the body.

Question 29

how does the structure of the capillaries allows gas exchanges within the Alveoli*

Answer 29

- Thin walls only 1 cell thick | - capillaries surround the alveoli creating a lot of surface area.

Question 30

The process of air entering and exiting the lungs

Answer 30

ventilation

Question 31

Active phase of breathing, diaphragm and intercostals contract

Answer 31

Inspiration

Question 32

passive phase of breathing, diaphragm and intercostals relax

Answer 32

Expiration

Question 33

the amount of air we breathe in a relaxed state

Answer 33

Tidal volume

Question 34

the amount of air you can move (in and out) during one breath

Answer 34

Vital capacity

Question 35

where is the primary respiratory center that controls breathing at normal rate and volume

Answer 35

medulla oblongata

Question 36

what nervous input can affect respiration

Answer 36

``` Cerebral cortex (thought) Limbic System (Emotions) Hypothalamus (hormones) ```

Question 37

gas exchange in the lungs between the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries

Answer 37

External respiration

Question 38

External or internal respiration? Oxygen - Higher concentration in the alveoli - Diffuses from the alveoli into the blood Carbon dioxide - Higher concentration in the blood - Diffuses from the blood in the pulmonary capillaries to the alveoli

Answer 38

External respiration

Question 39

Gas exchange in the tissues between the blood in systemic capillaries and tissue fluids

Answer 39

Internal Respiration

Question 40

External or internal respiration? Oxygen - Higher concentration in the blood - Diffuses from the blood into the tissue fluid Carbon dioxide - Higher concentration in the tissue fluid - Diffuses from the tissue fluid into the blood

Answer 40

Internal Respiration

Question 41

How does the respiratory regulate pH

Answer 41

• Bicarbonate/Carbonic acid buffer system is altered by breathing

Question 42

Hypoventilation= _____Co2 = _____pH = _______

Answer 42

o Hypoventilation = increased CO2 = decreased pH = acidosis (pH less than 7.35)

Question 43

Hyperventilation= _____Co2 = _____pH = _______

Answer 43

o Hyperventilation = decreased CO2 = increased pH = alkalosis (pH greater than 7.45)

Question 44

identify why and when breathe into a paper bag?

Answer 44

When you hyperventilate you have too much O2 too little CO2 which increases pH= Alkalosis. To remedy it have someone breath into paper bag to trap the CO2 and breathe it back into the body to balance the pH levels again

Question 45

Effects of Aging on the respiratory tract

Answer 45

* Respiratory fitness decreases with age * Maximum breathing capacities decline * Gas exchange in the lungs becomes less efficient * Respiratory membrane thickens * Ciliated cells of the trachea decline in number * Respiratory diseases are more common

Question 46

how does the respiratory create homeostasis?

Answer 46

- Control of Blood Pressure | - Defense (mucus, cilia, tonsils, alveolar dust sacs)