Lymphatics of Retroperitoneum and Abdominopelvic cavity

Question 1

What are the three lymphatic groups of the retroperitoneum?

Answer 1

pre-aortic group
Right and Left Lateral aortic groups/ lumbar lymph nodes
Retroaortic Lymph nodes

Question 2

Which lymphatics are contained in the pre-aortic group?

Answer 2

coeliac
superior mesenteric
inferior mesenteric

Question 3

Which vertebral levels are the retroaortic LN anterior to?

Answer 3

anterior to L3-L4

Question 4

Where do the coeliac lymph nodes receive their lymph from?

Answer 4

supracolic organs

Question 5

Where do the superior mesenteric lymph nodes receive their lymph from?

Answer 5

from small intestines
caecum
ascending colon
2/3 of transverse colon

Question 6

Where do the inferior mesenteric lymph nodes receive their lymph from?

Answer 6

from distal of 1/3 transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
and superior half of rectum

Question 7

Where do the efferent vessels of the coelic, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric lymph node groups drain predominantly into?

Answer 7

intestinal trunk

then to cistern chyli and then thoracic duct

Question 8

What are the names of the lymph nodes along the jejunum and ileum?

Answer 8

Jejunum: para jejunal lymph nodes
Ileum: paraileum LNs

Question 9

Describe the drainage of lymph from the small intestines to the superior mesenteric artery.

Answer 9

parajejunal/ paraileum
to intermediate LNs of superior mesenteric
to arcade LNs
superior mesenteric trunk LNs
SM origin LNs

Question 10

Where are the SM trunk LNs, arcade LNs and intermediate LNs of SM located?

Answer 10

Located in the mesentery (mesenteric LNs)

Question 11

Describe the drainage of lymph from the large intestines to the superior mesenteric artery.

Answer 11

Epicolic LNs (on wall of large intestine)
to paracolic LNs (along the inside border of the large intestine)
to intermediate LNs of IM/SM (lie along the branches of the SM and IM arteries)
to IM/SM trunk LNs
to IM/SM origin
from IM origin LNs to SM origin LNs

Question 12

What vertebral levels are the origins of the SM and IM arteries, and coeliac trunk?

Answer 12

L1 - SM
L3 - IM
T12- Coeliac Trunk

Question 13

After lymph from the small intestines, large intestines and superior half of the rectum is drained from the inferior mesenteric LNs, to the SM LNs to the coeliac trunk, where does it travel?

Answer 13

Intestinal trunk
to cisterna chyli
OR
to retroaortic LNs (anterior to L3-L4) 
to cisterna chyli

Question 14

What lymph node group drains the ovaries, testes or uterine tubes?

Answer 14

lateral aortic lymph node directly

Question 15

What lymph node group drains the uterus?

Answer 15

external and internal iliac lymph nodes, sacral lymph nodes

Question 16

What lymph node group drains the vagina?

Answer 16

internal iliac and superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 17

What lymph node group drains the rectum?

Answer 17

inferior mesenteric and internal iliac lymph nodes (via pararectal lymph nodes)

Question 18

What lymph node group drains the external genitalia (excluding testes) and anal canal?

Answer 18

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 19

Where are the superficial inguinal lymph nodes located?

Answer 19

within superficial fascia and consists of 10 lymph nodes (5-6 horizontal) (4-5 vertical)

Question 20

Where do the superficial inguinal lymph nodes course?

Answer 20

follow the inguinal ligament and extend inferiorly along the terminal part of the great saphenous vein

Question 21

Where do the afferent vessels of the superficial inguinal lymph nodes of the superior/ horizontal group receive lymph from?

Answer 21

gluteal region, anterior and lateral abdominal wall to level of umbilicus, external genitalia and perineum

Question 22

Where do the efferent vessels of the superficial inguinal lymph nodes go to?

Answer 22

deep inguinal LNs

Question 23

Where do the afferent vessels of the superficial inguinal lymph nodes of the inferior/ vertical group receive lymph from?

Answer 23

superficial regions of lower limbs

Question 24

Where are the popliteal lymph nodes located?

Answer 24

within fat of popliteal fossa
closely related to popliteal blood vessels
6-7 in number

Question 25

What lymph nodes are occassionally present?

Answer 25

anterior tibial lymph nodes

Question 26

What are the deep inguinal lymph nodes?

Answer 26

located in fat of femoral triangle on medial side of femoral vein 1-3 in number receives lymph from deep regions of entire lower limb, popliteal LNs and superficial inguinal LNs

Question 27

What are the two types of lymphatic vessels?

Answer 27

superficial lymphatic vessels | deep lymphatic vessels

Question 28

What do the superficial lymphatic vessels accompany?

Answer 28

the superficial vein (great and small saphenous veins)

Question 29

What do the deep lymphatic vessels accompany?

Answer 29

the arteries and deep veins (tibial, popliteal, femoral arteries and veins)

Question 30

Where does lymph from the superficial lateral foot drain to?

Answer 30

``` superficial lateral foot (along the small saphenous vein) to popliteal LNs to Deep Inguinal LNs to External Iliac LNs to Common Iliac LNs to Lateral aortic LNs to Lumbar trunks to Cisterna Chyli ```

Question 31

Where does lymph from the deep foot drain to?

Answer 31

``` deep foot Anterior tibial LNs (OR directly to popliteal LNs) to popliteal LNs to Deep Inguinal LNs to External Iliac LNs to Common Iliac LNs to Lateral aortic LNs to Lumbar trunks to Cisterna Chyli ```

Question 32

Where does lymph from the superficial medial foot drain to?

Answer 32

``` superficial medial foot (along the great saphenous vein) to Inferior Superficial Inguinal LNs to Deep Inguinal LNs to External Iliac LNs to Common Iliac LNs to Lateral aortic LNs to Lumbar trunks to Cisterna Chyli ```