Lymphocytes

Question 1

what does poises mean?

Answer 1

maturation

Question 2

what does cyte mean?

Answer 2

cell

Question 3

what does cytosis mean?

Answer 3

high cell count

Question 4

What does philia mean?

Answer 4

high count

Question 5

what does penia mean?

Answer 5

low count

Question 6

what does stasis mean?

Answer 6

equilibrium

Question 7

what does anaemia mean?

Answer 7

condition of blood

Question 8

What are the innate immune cells?

Answer 8

macrophages
Granulocytes
  -neutrophils
  -eosinophils
  -basophils
  -mast cells
Dendritic cells
NK cells

Question 9

What are the adaptive immune cells?

Answer 9

B cells

T cells

Question 10

What are the key features of the innate immune response?

Answer 10

Fast
Non-specific
Generic

Question 11

What are the key features of the adaptive immune response?

Answer 11

Time lag
Antigen specific
Highly specialised cells
Immunological memory

Question 12

Describe a lymphocyte

Answer 12

large, relatively round uncles that fills the cytoplasm
1.3-3.5x10^9/L
life span of many years
divided into two types B and T cells

Question 13

What is the function of lymphocytes?

Answer 13

protect from infection
T lymphocytes attack pathogen directly
B lymphocytes produce Ab

Question 14

Lymphocytes are heterogenous

Answer 14

Different lineages of lymphocytes can be distinguished by the expression of different membrane molecules:
B cell = CD19
T helper = CD4
NK cell = CD8

Question 15

B lymphocytes are part of the ADAPTIVE immunity, where are they produced?

Answer 15

Bone marrow

Question 16

Where do B lymphocytes circulate?

Answer 16

Blood, Spleen and lymph nodes

Question 17

How do B lymphocytes mount an immune response?

Answer 17

by producing Ag specific Ab (neutralise toxins and kill via complement)

Question 18

What molecules are expressed on B cell surface?

Answer 18

CD19
Surface Ab
MHC-II molecules
CD40

Question 19

What does MHC stand for?

Answer 19

Major histocompatibility complex

Question 20

What process do B cells go through to eliminate self B cells?

Answer 20

CENTRAL TOLERANCE

Question 21

B cells are tested for self when?

Answer 21

before leaving the bone marrow, they are removed by apoptotic methods, 90% of B cells are eliminated

Question 22

What is the role of plasma cells?

Answer 22

production and secretion Ag specific Ab. Can secrete up to 2000Ab/cells/second for 1-2 Weeks

Question 23

What are some characteristic features of plasma cells?

Answer 23

Extensive RER & Golgi(secretory cell)

Plasma Cells have lower levels of membrane bound Ab

Question 24

What is opsonisation?

Answer 24

Ab coat the Ag and interact with special receptors on various cells, inc macrophages, neutrophils and basophils, allowing them to recognise and respond to Ag

Question 25

What is complement activation?

Answer 25

Ab cause lysis by compliment, also enhancing phagocytosis. Complement proteins form a membrane Attack complex (MAC) which lyse the cell membrane causing cell to leak to death

Question 26

What is the role of memory B cells?

Answer 26

Confer immunological memory, ensuring that secondary response to pathogen is rapid

Question 27

What are the characteristic of memory B cell?

Answer 27

like naive B cells, don't have IgM or IgD on surface. Only B cell that have undergone class switch can become memory B cells (IgA, IgG and IgE)

Question 28

What is the thymus and what does it do?

Answer 28

site of T cell development and maturation. thymus has a cortex and a medulla. Thymocytes transverse through the cortex, through the cortex-medula border and into the medulla.

Question 29

What is a thymocyte?

Answer 29

immature T cell

Question 30

Where does positive selection occur?

Answer 30

Cortex

Question 31

where does negative selection of T cells occur?

Answer 31

Cortex-medulla border

Question 32

Where does differentiation of T cells occur?

Answer 32

Medulla

Question 33

True or false T-lymphocytes are involved with cell mediated immunity?

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What surface marker do T helper cells express?

Answer 34

CD4

Question 35

What surface marker do T cytotoxic cells express?

Answer 35

CD8

Question 36

Through which MHC complexes do CD4 and CD8 recognise pathogens?

Answer 36

CD4=MHC II (expressed on Ag presenting cell) | CD8=MHC I

Question 37

How do CD8 T cells kill pathogens?

Answer 37

Through apoptosis, and secreting IFN gamma to limit viral replication

Question 38

Cell mediated response uses?

Answer 38

T helper and T cytotoxic cells

Question 39

Humoral immunity uses

Answer 39

Plasma Ab secreting cells