Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clinical Haematology > WBCs > Flashcards

WBCs Flashcards

(47 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Of the Polymorphonuclear WBC give some examples

A

Granulocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Of the MONONUCLEAR WBC give some examples:

A

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q 
What is the normal Neutrophil count? (10^9/L)
A.0.2-0.08
B.1.9-2.4
C.1.8-7.5
D. 6.8-10.1
A

c. 1.8-7.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What causes neutrophils to be elevated?

A

bacterial infections
Stress
Exercise
myeloproliferative diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the normal Lymphocyte count?

A

1.5-5.4 x10^9/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What causes an increased lymphocyte count?

A

Viral infection, lymphoproliferative diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the normal monocyte count? (x10^9/L)

A

0.2-0.8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What causes elevated levels of monocytes?

A

infection, inflammation, tissue damage, monocytic leukaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q 
What is the correct level of eosinophils?
A. 6.4-7.5
B. 0.4-0.8
C. 1.3-3.8
D. 0-0.4
A

D. 0-0.4 x10^9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What causes raised eosinophils?

A

allergy, intestinal parasites, hypereosinophillic syndrome, eosinophilic leukaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the normal level of basophils?

A

0.01-0.1 x10^9/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What causes elevated levels of basophils?

A

Some myeloproliferative diseases especially chronic granulocytic leukaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does myeloid mean?

A

Derived from the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the cytokine origin of neutrophils?

A

IL-3
GM-CSF
G-CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the cytokine origins of Eosinophils?

A

IL-3
IL-5
GM-CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What re the cytokine origins of Basophils?

A

IL-3
IL-4
GM-CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

List the stages of neutrophil maturation

A 
Blast
Promyelocytes
Myelocytes
Metamelocytes
Band form neutrophils
Neutrophils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the turnover of granulocytes?

A

50-320x10^9/Day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the lifespan of neutrophils?

Study These Flashcards
A

~7hours in the blood

Destroyed by monocytes/macrophages

20
Q

In circulation eosinophils have a lifespan of _____ however in tissues they have a lifespan of _______

Study These Flashcards
A

8-12 hours in circulation

8-12 days in tissues

21
Q

What is the lifespan of basophils?

Study These Flashcards
A

hours to days

22
Q

What no neutrophil primary granules contain?

Study These Flashcards
A

microcidal proteins for oxidative and non-oxidative killing

23
Q

What do secondary neutrophil granules contain?

Study These Flashcards
A

Hydrolase’s
Chemotactic factors
opsonic
Adhesion proteins

24
Q

What do tertiary granules of neutrophils contain?

Study These Flashcards
A

Alkaline phosphates and gelatinase

25
What is the function of a neutrophil?
destruction of invading bacteria and some fungi: 1: location by chemotaxis 2: phagocytosis
26
neutrophils crawl by ________ via ________
neutrophils crawl by amoeboid via pseudopodia
27
Phagocytosis is accompanied by a respiratory burst in which there is:
- increased O2 consumption - increase in glycolysis - uprating of bactericidal processes - increased expression of some constituents
28
List the stages of phagocytosis
1. Opsonisation with IgM and IgG Ab or complement 2. Particle attachment via a receptor for the opsonin 3. Pseudopodia enclose particle which is ingested 4. Fusion of granules in phagosome 5. Microbicidal killing within 20mins
29
With regards to the defects of microbial killing, describe myeloperoxidase deficeincy
``` fairly common partial or total only 20% of its are immunocompromised oxygen free radicals and lysozyme compensate fungal infections are biggest problem ```
30
Explain respiratory burst failure with regards to defects of microbial killing
Chronic Granulomatous disease (CGD) inherited metabolic failure of microbial killing affects 1 in 10^6 some organisms live in the phagosome >persistent infections non-oxidase killing partially compensates
31
Describe inherited defects in neutrophil adherence/migration (Defects of microbial killing)
Acquired | They're rare
32
What is the role of eosinophils?
Eliminate hellimnth infections, participate in immediate allergic reactions and are key mediators of inflammation via degranulation
33
Where are eosinophils normally found?
in the thymus, lower GI tract, ovary, uterus spleen an lymph nodes
34
Hypereosinophilic syndrome is what?
Eosinophil disorder, sustained, unexplained eosinophilia >1.5x10^9/L >6months
35
Why are basophils hard to study?
die very easily and are highly motile
36
Where do basophils mature?
in the marrow for 2-7 days, circulate for 2 weeks
37
What IL factor do basophils require?
IL-3
38
What is the function of Basophils?
Basophils and mast cells orchestrate the immunological & inflammatory reactions.
39
What do basophils secrete?
Histamine and Heparin (anticoagulant)
40
Upon basophil activation there are a release of numerous cytokines, explain what each one does
- IL-3: major basil GF, amplifies immune response - TNF alpha and GM-CSF: Recruit and primes neutrophils - IL-5: activates eosinophils - IL-4: enhances cell adhesion molecule expression on endothelial cells, recruits eosinophils into tissues induces T helper cells to mediate IgE production by B cells
41
What is a common disorder of basophils?
marked basophilia, common in chronic myeloid leukaemia
42
Where can monocytes be found?
in the peripheral blood
43
after 1-3 days monocytes move into tissue and develop into what?
macrophages
44
What shape is a monocytes nucleus?
kidney shaped
45
Describe the monocyte structure
- kidney shaped nucleus - cytoplasm filled with fine reddish granules - cytoplasmic enzymes esp. lysozyme, peroxidase and esterases - cytoplasmic vacuoles are evidence of phagocytosis - amoboid motility, exhibit chemotaxis - accumulate at site of inflammation
46
what is monocyte function?
produce a no. of different adhesions which facilitate adhesion to various surfaces they are Ag presenting cells, variable class II MHC expression, induced by lymphokines such as IFN gamma Can phagocytose opsonised and non-opsonised phagocytksed particles can kill infected host cells monocytes release many cytokines that stimulate other cells in the immune system including G-CSF & GM-CSF
47
What is the lifespan of a monocyte?
several months

Clinical Haematology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions