Lymphoma

Question 1

where do the cancerous cells proliferate?

Answer 1

LN

Question 2

2 main types

Answer 2

hodgkins

non-hodgkins

Question 3

hodgkins lymphoma epidemiology

Answer 3

1 in 5 lymphomas
proliferation of lymphocytes
bimodal age -20 and 75

Question 4

risk factors hodgkins lymphoma

Answer 4

HIV
EBV
autoimmune disorder
FH

Question 5

presentation of hodgkins lymphoma

Answer 5

lymphadenopathy - neck, axilla, inguinal region

Question 6

LN hodgkins lymphoma

Answer 6

non-tender

rubbery

Question 7

when might those with hodgkins lymphoma feel pain in LN?

Answer 7

alcohol

Question 8

B symptoms

Answer 8

night sweats
weight loss
fever

Question 9

other hodgkins lymphoma symptoms

Answer 9

fatigue 
itching
cough 
SOB
abdominal pain 
recurrent infections

Question 10

hodgkins lymphoma investigations

Answer 10

bloods - FBC, LDH

LN biopsy

Question 11

hodgkins key diagnostic test

Answer 11

LN biopsy

Question 12

key finding biopsy - hodgkins

Answer 12

reed-sternberg cell

Question 13

reed-sternberg cell

Answer 13

abnormally large B cells

multiple nuclei - nucleoli inside (face of owl with large eyes)

Question 14

staging system

Answer 14

ann arbor

Question 15

what does ann arbor staging put importance on?

Answer 15

nodes above or below diaphragm

Question 16

ann arbor staging - how many?

Answer 16

4

Question 17

ann arbor stages

Answer 17

1 = 1 region of LN
2 = more than 1 region on same side of diaphragm 
3 = LN above and below diaphragm 
4 = widespread - liver, lungs

Question 18

key treatments hodgkins

Answer 18

chemo and radiotherapy

Question 19

what does chemo create a risk of?

Answer 19

leukaemia

infertility

Question 20

what does radiotherapy create a risk of?

Answer 20

cancer
hypothyroidism
damage to tissues

Question 21

3 noteable types of NHL

Answer 21

burkitt lymphoma
MALT
diffuse large b cell

Question 22

burkitt lyphoma associations

Answer 22

HIV, EBV, malaria

Question 23

MALT lymphoma

Answer 23

MALT around stomach

h pylori

Question 24

risk factors for NHL

Answer 24

HIV, EBV, h pylori
hep B or C
pesticides - trichloroethylene
FH

Question 25

treating NHL

Answer 25

chemo
rituximab
radiotherapy
stem cell transplant

Question 26

LN biopsy or FNAC

Answer 26

biopsy as aspiration only gives cytology

Question 27

other investigations NHL

Answer 27

bone marrow aspirate
immunophenotyping
LN biopsy

Question 28

which one spread is contiguous?

Answer 28

hodgkins

Question 29

what signifies worse prognosis?

Answer 29

raised LDH

B symptoms