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Pathology Block 11 > Lymphoproliferative Disorders > Flashcards

Lymphoproliferative Disorders Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Cancer of WBCs/blood/bone marrow

A

Leukemia

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2
Q

Increased total WBC count

A

Leukocytosis

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3
Q

Increased neutrophil count

A

Neutrophilia

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4
Q

Increased lymphocyte count

A

Lymphocytosis

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5
Q

Decreased total leukocyte count

A

Leukopenia

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6
Q

Decreased neutrophil count

A

Neutropenia

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7
Q

Decreases lymphocytes count

A

Lympohcytopenia

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8
Q

All blood lineages decreases (WBCs, RBCs, PLTs)

A

Pancytopenia

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9
Q

Describe a leukemoid reaction

A
  • leukemia like infection
  • neutrophilia-significant to marked increase (greater than 50,000/uL)
  • definitely NOT leukemia
  • response to infection, inflammation, trauma, cancer
  • easily confused with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML)
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10
Q

If we get young neutrophils, they are

A

Shifting to the left

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11
Q

Bandemia

A

Shift of neutrophils to the left

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12
Q

Maturation of neutrophils

A 
Promyelocyte 
Myelocyte 
Metamyelocyte 
Band 
Neutrophil
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13
Q

WBC differential reference ranges

A

Never let mamma eat beans

Neutrophils 60%
Lymphocytes 30%
Monocytes 6%
Eosinophils 3%
Basophils 1%
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14
Q

Myelo’s present

A

Oh my, shouldn’t have these

Young neutrophils

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15
Q

High WBC are usually due to what

A

Neutrophils or lymphocytes

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16
Q

Peripheral blood compartments of neutrophils

A 
Circulating pool
Marinated pool (adhere to the walls of caps)
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17
Q

What are the 3 different body compartments of neutrophils

A

Cone marrow, peripheral blood, and extravascualr space

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18
Q

High WBC in trauma

A

Release of marinated WBCs

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19
Q

Most common reason for neutrophilia

A

Bacterial infection or trauma

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20
Q

Neutrophilia with a left shift

A 
Acute infections 
Acute inflammation 
Drugs 
Physiological 
Leukemia
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21
Q

What is the least common cause of neutrophilia

A

Leukemia

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22
Q

What is reactive leukocytosis (leukemoid reaction) common confused with

A

Chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML)

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23
Q

Low neutrophil count can indicate

A

Leukemia

  • even though we associate with high WBC
  • low because the bone marrow gets squished to death
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24
Q

High lymph count

A

Viral infection

-can be due to a lymphocytic leukemia

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25
What leukemia is associated with very high lymphocytes circulating
Acute lymphocytic leukemia
26
> 20% of the cells are blasts
Acute leukemia
27
What is more telling of leukemia, blood or bone marrow?
Bone marrow
28
<5% of cells called blasts in the blood and bone marrow
Chronic leukemia
29
If we are seeing myelos and bands, what are we thinking
Chronic myelocytic leukemia
30
How is leukoemia diagnosed
Bone marrow
31
Plasma cell disorder
Multiple myeloma | -microfractures in bones
32
Signs of leukemia
Anemia, bleeding, night sweats
33
What blood lines can leukemia occur in
All of them - myelocytic (neutrophils) - lymphocytic (lymphocytes_ - erythrocytic (RBC)
34
Acute leukemia
Blasts >20% Acute myelocytic Acute lymphocytic
35
Chronic leukemia
Chronic myelocytic leukemia | Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
36
Which chronic leukemia has all mature neutrophils
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
37
Diagnostic tests for all leukemia’s
Complete blood count | Bone marrow aspirate
38
Most common leukemia in children
Acute lymphocytic leukemia | -good outcome
39
Most common leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia | -10-20 years to kill you
40
Worst leukemia
Acute myeloid leukemia
41
What is the tDt for diagnostic for
ALL | -common in children
42
Prognosis for ALL
95% remission
43
tDt
ALL
44
Primary adult leukemia
AML
45
Auer rods
AML
46
Prognosis of AML
25% of surviving at the 5 year mark | -death within weeks if untreated
47
Needle-like structures in blasts
Auer rods in AML
48
Characterized by Philadelphia chromosome (9 and 22 translocation)
CML | -this is what differentiates CML from leukemoid reaction
49
Prognosis
60% five year survival | -Gleevec increases chances, >80% remission
50
The only leukemia that you have a good chance of just not treating, just watchful waiting
CLL
51
What leukemia has a marked lymphocytosis (75-98%)
CLL
52
Prognosis of CLL
Can live for 10 years
53
Why dont we treat CLL
Because you live a long time with it, and treatment could diminish quality of life
54
Which leukemia is commonly disocereved accidentally
CLL
55
Cancer arising in the lymphatic system
Lymphomas
56
If the lymph node is swollen and painful
Not lymphoma, it will not be in pain if it is lymphoma
57
Which lymphoma is easier to treat
Hodgkins
58
What is a Reed-Sternberg cell indicative of
Hodgkin’s lymphoma, this is what separates this from non-hodgkins
59
Which lymphoma has a better outcome
Hodgkin
60
What age groups are most affected by lymphoma
Mid 20s and then mid 50s | -bimodal
61
Plasma cells replace bone marrow in this type of cancer. Causing fractures in the lower back
Multiple myeloma
62
Lab findings of multiple myeloma
Monoclonal protein spike in urine and blood Bence jones protein is a light chain that is toxic to the kidneys, shows up in urine and blood, will lead to kidney failure
63
Protein that is diagnostic off multiple myeloma
Bence jones protein
64
Stage I lymphoma
Cancer is located in a single lymph node groups
65
Stage II lymphoma
Two or more lymph node groups on one side of the diaphragm
66
Stage III lymphoma
Cancer has spread to both sides of the diaphragm, or involves true spleen
67
Stage IV lymphoma
Cancer involves liver, bone marrow, or lung, brain | -highly metastasized

Pathology Block 11 (8 decks)

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