M: Multi-Store Model

Question 1

capacity of sensory register

Answer 1

Sperling 1960
very large

Question 2

encoding at sensory register

Answer 2

Crowder 1993
through sense

Question 3

MSM: PEEL strengths (3)

Answer 3

P- SUPPORTING RESEARCH
E- murdock
E- primary + recency effect
C- lab- artifical
L- lack eco val, ungen

P- SUPPORTING RESEARCH
E-HM
E- shows 2 mem stores for diff time
C- ungen, unique= lack val
L-improves reliability

P- SUPPORTING RESEARCH
E- clive wearing
E- sep stores with nothing to do with each other
C- unique + lack val
L- improves reliability

Question 4

MSM: weaknesses (3)

Answer 4

P- TOO SIMPLE
E- other research suggest diff types LTM, STM
E- LTM with e,s,p shows more complex
L- oversimplifies behav, lowers val

P- lab
E- murdock
E- low eco val, artificial task
C- high degree control increases val
L- cant gen

P- RESEARCH AGAINST
E- brain scans Tulving
E- brain areas lit up show more complex
L- lacks reliability

Question 5

duration of sensory register

Answer 5

Sperling
less than a second

Question 6

encoding STM

Answer 6

Conrad 1964
acoustic

rhyming word study in order visually to test preferred encoding, found letters that are acoustically similar harder to recall from STM than acoustically dissimiliar. acoustic over visual

Question 7

capacity STM

Answer 7

Miller 1956
7 +/- 2

observations on everyday practice, things come in sevens eg days of week. people can recall 5 words as easily recall 5-9 letters. chunking into units

Question 8

duration STM

Answer 8

Peterson and Peterson
fades unless rehearsed under 18 seconds

after 3 seconds average recall was 80%, after 18 seconds it was 3%. 18 seconds unless repeat info over and over

Question 9

LTM encoding

Answer 9

Baddley
semantic

word list, acoustically similar, acoustically dissimilar, semantically similar, semantically dissimilar. recall from STM= worse with acosutically similar, recall from LTM= worse with semantically similar

Question 10

LTM capacity

Answer 10

Soloman
unlimited

Question 11

LTM duration

Answer 11

Bahrick 1975
lifetime

tested within 15 years of graduation were 90% accurate in photo recognition with school yearbooks. after 48 years recall declined to 70%. free recall less accurate

Question 12

Extra info for MSM

Answer 12

• 2 types of rehearsal- maintenance (keep STM) + prolonged (get to LTM)
• flows in linear fashion

Question 13

Definitions of capacity, duration, coding

Answer 13

• capacity-> how much info store can retain
• duration-> how long store retain info for
• coding-> the form the memory is retained