Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Labs & Diagnostic Collab > M/S Labs & Diagnostic Tests > Flashcards

M/S Labs & Diagnostic Tests Flashcards

1
Q

What angle gives a one-dimensional view on a standard X-RAY?

A

Anterior-Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What angle gives a two-dimensional view on a standard X-Ray?

A

Lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 nursing responsibilities of standard X-Ray procedures

A

Removal of radiopaque objects

avoiding excessive exposure ( Wear Your Lead Apron!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What dimensional picture do we get with a CT Scan

A

3 dimensional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What 3 categories do we use CT scans for?

A

soft tissue

bone abnormalities

some types of trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what 3 responsibilities do nurses have when explaining CT scans to patients before procedure?

A

procedure painless

Patient needs to remain still

If contrast, confirm no shellfish allergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do we need to do post CT Scan if contrast is used?

A

Force Fluids because of risk for nephrotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

magnetic resonance Imaging uses ____ & _____ waves to view ______ tissue

A

radio; magnetic ; soft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

During an MRI patients are placed inside a _____ _____, and we would want to ask the patient about _________ before procedure.

A

scanner chamber; claustrophobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What 3 things would we want to inform patient before an MRI?

A

Procedure is painless

Loud ticking noises are normal

Ensure patient has no metal on or in their body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What may we administer prophylactic to help with MRI claustrophobia

A

anti-anxiety meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does Rheumatoid factor (RF) assess for

A

presence of autoantibody (RF) in serum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F Rheumatoid factor (RF) is NOT specific to RA

A

True, can be seen in other tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Normal level for Rheumatoid factor (RF)

A

Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

A

non-specific indication of inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the normal rate for ESR

A

<30 mm/hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Is ESR more of an acute or chronic inflammation indicator

A

Chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What 2 conditions are related to ESR in regards to musculoskeletal content?

A

rheumatoid arthritis and osteomyelitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is C-reactive protein (CRP) used to diagnose

A

inflammatory diseases, infections and active widespread malignancies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is uric acid

A

End-product of protein metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how is uric acid normally excreted

A

in the kidneys through the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

although not specific, we can see increased levels of uric acid with _____

A

gout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) or Anti-CCP is an important diagnostic for what

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In RA, which is more specific RF or ACPA?

A

ACPA as it may allow for earlier and more accurate diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Antinuclear antibody (ANA) assesses for antibodies capable of what

A

destroying nucleus of body’s tissue cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

ANA is 98% positive in what patients

A

Lupus or SLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

who else may show a positive RF?

A

Patients with RA and a Small percentage of normal population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Normal levels of antinuclear antibody (ANA) =

A

Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does Anti-DNA antibody detect?

A

antibodies that react to DNA

30
Q

What is an Anti-DNA antibody most specific test for ?

A

Lupus or SLE

31
Q

Depletions in complement levels may be found in patients with what?

A

RA and SLE

32
Q

What normal body protein is essential to both immun and inflammatory reactions?

A

Complement

33
Q

Is a myelogram performed w/ or w/o contrast

A

Can be performed with both

34
Q

what does a myelogram assess

A

pathology of the spinal cord

35
Q

myelogram is a sensitive test for what

A

nerve impingement

36
Q

In a myelogram, xrays are done after injection of contrast into where

A

subarachnoid space

37
Q

T/F patient can be sedated during a myelogram

A

True, patients can be sedated PRN

38
Q

what type of table is a myelogram performed on

A

tilt table

39
Q

What do we do post myelogram with contrast

A

encourage fluids

40
Q

What is a major risk of myelogram

A

Risk of spinal H/A

41
Q

how long does it take a spinal H/A to resolve

A

1-2 days with rest & fluids

42
Q

What can we do to try and PREVENT a spinal H/A

A

have patient lie flat for a period of time

43
Q

What can we do for TREATMENT of spinal H/A

A

Blood patch

44
Q

what is a blood patch

A

procedure where 20-30 ml of blood is drawn from periphery and slowly injected into the spine. This often gives immediate relief from H/A

45
Q

What is a bone density Scan (DEXA)

A

gold standard for measuring bone mineral density (BMD

46
Q

DEXA stands for what

A

dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

47
Q

What 3 places are usually scanned with a DEXA

A

spine, hips, wrist

48
Q

how are bone density scans reported

A

as T scores compared to a standard deviation

49
Q

2 things to teach preop of bone density scan

A

noninvasive and painless

50
Q

mild porosity in bones is called

A

osteopenia

51
Q

4 types of people that usually get bone density scans

A

Women < 65 with RF in additionto menopause

all women > 65

those with long-term steroid therapy

measuring response to osteoporosis drug therapy

52
Q

T/F Men get bone density scans

A

True, men do get scans if they have RF

53
Q

What is a Bone Scan

A

injection of radioisotope that is taken up by the bone

54
Q

Where may we see increased uptake with a bone scan

A

osteomyelitis

osteoporosis

malignancies and certain fractures

55
Q

Where we may see a decreased uptake in a bone density scan

A

with avascular necrosis

56
Q

what is avascular necrosis

A

death of bone due o lack of blood supply

57
Q

How long is the radioistope given before a Bone Scan

A

2 hours

58
Q

how long does a patient have to lay still during a bone scan

A

1 hour

59
Q

T/F Radioisotopes are harmful

A

False

60
Q

What do we want to do post bone scan procedure

A

Increase FLuids

61
Q

what is alkaline phosphatase produced by

A

osteoblasts of bone

62
Q

What can elevate alkaline phosphatase

A

healing fractures

bone cancers

osteoporosis

63
Q

what is the primary organ for calcium storage

A

bone

64
Q

decreased calcium levels can be seen in what

A

renal disease

hypoparathyroidism

65
Q

increased calcium levels can be seen in

A

hyperparathyroidism

some bone tumors

66
Q

What mineral is indirectly related to calcium

A

phosphorous

67
Q

If calcium is increased then phosphorous is _____

A

decreased

68
Q

What does an electromyogram (EMG) evaluate

A

electrical potential associated with skeletal muscle contractions

69
Q

how is an electormyogram performed

A

small gauge needles inserted into muscles and attached to leads that feed information to machine

70
Q

Where are EMGs performed?

A

usually in an EMG lab

71
Q

what do we need from the patient in an EMG

A

cooperation w/ voluntary movement

72
Q

some things patients should know before EMG

A

there will be some discomfort and possible pain

Avoid stimulants/sedatives 24 hrs before procedures

Labs & Diagnostic Collab (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions