M1: Anatomy of Female Repro Flashcards
(120 cards)
0
Q
Anterior to perineum
A
Pubic symphysis
1
Q
Diamond shaped. Inferior to pelvic outlet. Pelvic diaphragm separates from pelvic cavity.
A
Perineum
2
Q
Anterolateral to perineum
A
Inferior pubic rami & ischial rami
3
Q
Lateral to perineum
A
Ischial tuberosity
4
Q
Posterolateral to perineum
A
Sacrotuberous ligament
5
Q
Inferior to perineum
A
Sacrum & coccyx
6
Q
Fibro fatty cushion. Anterior and superior to the symphysis pubis(bony fibrocartilage). Divides & joins labia majora. Covered by hair, triangle-shaped.
A
Mons pubis
7
Q
Sweat and sebaceous gland, few specialized apocrine glands. Round ligament attachment. Venous plexus, trauma then hematoma.
A
Labia majora
8
Q
Homologue of labia majora
A
Scrotum
9
Q
Pain felt at the vulva when the baby kicks may be due to what
A
Round ligament being hit
10
Q
Force applied to the perineum as manifested by a lump on the area affected
A
Saddle Injury
11
Q
Hematoma on the labia majora can also be caused by
A
Deep lacerations not properly repaired, breech and forceps delivery
12
Q
Smaller and more delicate. No hair. Sebaceous glands and a few sweat glands. Richly vascular & many nerve endings. Divide the superior & inferior parts.
A
Labia minora
13
Q
Superior to labia minora
A
Prepuce & Frenulum
14
Q
Inferior to the labia minora
A
Fourchette
15
Q
Homologue of labia minora
A
Penile urethra
16
Q
Tested when an examiner cannot retract the vaginal orifice d/t hypoestrogenic state. Usually occurs in young age and post menopausal women, treated by estrogenic creams. Caused by infections that are not properly treated that heal to and fuse together.
A
Labial Agglutination
17
Q
Vascular plexus(erectile tissue) central corpus with two crura (_________) inferior rami of the pubis. 1.5-2cm Highly developed nerve supply & extremely sensitive.
A
Clitoris. Corpora cavernosa.
18
Q
Muscle cover of clitoris
A
Ischiocavernosus muscle
19
Q
Muscle root of clitoris
A
Bulbospongiosus muscle
20
Q
For assessment of ambiguous genitalia, you have to _______ the clitoris to look for a vaginal opening for sex confirmation.
A
Retract
21
Q
Enclosed by labia majora. Urethra, vagina, paired bartholin & skenes glands. Lower part of the urogenital sinus. _______ position is Bartholins gland.
A
Vestibule. 5/7
22
Q
Smooth and palpable upon palpation. It is usually treated by incision & drainage then suturing is done.
A
Bartholin’s cyst or abscess
23
Q
Bouncy upon palpation
A
Imperforate hymen
24
Commonly termed as the virginal hymen
Annular hymen
25
May signify that there is a forced penetration
Presence of lacerations (erythematous, not perfectly round)
26
After sexual assault it appears ________, ________ and may be seem with _______.
Edematous. Erythematous. Blood.
27
Has hymenal tags evidence of having delivered through NSD.
Parous introitus hymen
28
Urinary orifice. 1-1.5cm below the clitoris. Covered by labia minora. Pink & not protuberant.
Urethral meatus
29
Protuberant & erythematous urethral meatus
Urethral prolapse
30
Membranous tube. 3-5cm. Two lining epithelium depending on location.
Urethra
31
Proximal 2/3 of urethra
Stratified transitional epithelium
32
Distal 1/3 of urethra
Stratified squamous epithelium
33
In females, in insertion of FC, it is enough that a primary healthcare provider should insert up until _______ knowing the fact that the urethral canal of a woman is usually ________.
3-5cm. 4-5cm.
34
Fibromuscular tube. Posterior wall is 9cm while anterior wall is 7cm. Walls are apposed by cervix. Vaginal vault has 4 fornices (posterior, anterior & two lateral) mucosal and muscular layer. Functions for sexual intercourse, labor and menstrual flow.
Vagina
35
Anterior peritoneal reflection of the ________ and upper posterior vaginal wall.
Pouch of Douglas
36
Separates middle third of vagina from rectum
Rectovaginal septum
37
Midline of the vagina
Urethra
38
Anterior to vagina
Bladder
39
Vagina opens into the
Vestibule
40
Lateral part of the vagina is for the attachment of the
Cardinal ligaments
41
Whitish secretion in the vagina. Normal or not?
Still normal
42
By the virtue of gravity any discharge from the cervix will pool on the posterior fornix, the peritoneal cavity could be accessed theough the posterior fornix which when punctures will lead to the
Pouch of Douglas
43
Two triangles of the perineum
Anal & Urogenital triangle
44
Stretches between the two sides of the pubic arch and covers the anterior part of the oulet
Perineal membrane
45
Is an irregular fibromuscular mass located between the anal canal and the perineal membrane
Perineal body
46
Contains the external genitalia in females. Posterior portion.
Urogenital triangle
47
Origin of urogenital triangle
Urogenital sinus
48
Contains the anus. Anterior portion.
Anal triangle
49
Proper wiping after urination
Front to back
50
Muscular layer. Inferior border of the abdominal-pelvic cavity. From the pubic bone to the coccyx and between the pelvic walls.
Pelvic floor/Diaphragm
51
Main muscle of the perineum. Floor of the pelvis and roof of the perineum.
Levator ani
52
Most significant component of the levator ani and has attachments to the urethra, rectum and vagina which all pass through it.
Pubococcygeus
53
For flexing of the coccyx and constricting the rectum and vagina
Levator ani
54
Supports the pelvic and abdominal viscera, including the bladder.
Pubococcygeus
55
Forms a sling around anorectal junction
Puborectalis
56
Mass of muscular tissue. Between anal canal & lower 1/3. Covered with skin. From the fourchette of anus. Insertion of the superficial perineal muscles. Bounded above by the __________.
Perineal body. Levatorani muscles.
57
Three parts of the Levator ani
Pubococcygeus, Puborectalis & Iliococcygeus
58
Body of the pubis, the tendinous arch of the obturator fascia and the ischial spine then perineal body, the coccyx, the anococcygeal ligament, the walls of the vagina, the rectum and the anal canal.
Levator ani
59
Levator ani is innervated by the nerve to levator ani from _____ a d the inferior anal (rectal) nerve (from _______) and the coccygeal plexus.
S4. S2-S4.
60
Support the pelvic viscera. Raise the pelvic floor and assist the abdominal muscles in forced expiration activities.
Levator ani
61
Enclosed by bony, ligamentous and muscular wall. Contains the urinary bladder, ureters, pelvic genital organs, rectum, blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves.
Pelvic cavity
62
Inferior pelvic aperture
Pelvic outlet
63
Superior pelvic aperture
Pelvic inlet
64
Abdominal viscera(ileum & sigmoid colon) boundaries are abdominal wall anteriorly, iliac fossa posterolaterally and L5 S1 vertebrae posteriorly. False pelvis.
Pelvis Major (Greater)
65
Pelvic viscera has urinary bladder and reproductive organs. Boundaries are pelvic surfaces of the hip bones, sacrum and coccyx. Limited inferiorly by the musculofascial pelvic diaphragm. True pelvis.
Pelvis Minor (Lesser)
66
Landmark that separates the true & false pelvis
Linea terminalis(inferior pelvic border)
67
Pelvic walls & floors: hip bones and the obturator internus muscle
Lateral pelvic wall
68
Pelvic walls & floors: formed by the sacrum and coccyx, adjacent parts of the ilia, and the S-I joints; piriformis muscle covers the area.
Posterior pelvic wall
69
Pelvic walls & floors: pubic bone and the pubis symphysis
Anterior pelvic wall
70
Type of episiotomy that predisposes a patient to rectovaginal fistulas. If not properly sutured woman cannot control her bowel movement.
Medial/Midline Episiotomy
71
A pear shaped, thick walled muscular organ. Situated between bladder & rectum. ____cm long, ____cm wide & _____cm thick. Body(corpus) or cervix. Ratio in adult 2:1, infant 1:2 & child 1:1.
Uterus. 7-8. 4-5. 2-3.
72
A transitional zone between body and cervix. Special obstetrical significance (lower uterine segment) Internal orifice (os)
Isthmus
73
Superior 2/3 of the uterus
Body
74
Body of uterus is lined with
Endometrium
75
The widest place of the corpus
Fundus
76
Inferior 1/3 of the uterus. Supravaginal portion. External cervical os. Has a squamocolumnar junction.
Cervix
77
The cervical canal is covered by
Columnar epithelium
78
The surface of vaginal portion is covered by
Squamous epithelium
79
Can have pregnancy but it is prone to preterm delivery
Uterine septa
80
In uterine septa, specimen should be cut in a ________.
Y-shaped
81
Oval shaped. 2.5-5cm long, 1.5-3cm wide & 0.7-1.5cm thick. White in appearance. Covered by ___________ epithelium. No peritoneum. Has a cortex and medulla. Its ligament contains vessels & nerves.
Ovary
82
Superior tubal end of ovary is connected to lateral wall of pelvis by __________ of the ovary (infundibulum ligament) where ovarian vessels traverse.
Suspensory ligament
83
Ligament of ovary connects _________ of ovary to the lateral angle of uterus.
Inferior uterine end
84
Attach the posteroanterior layer of the broad ligament, connected with suspensory ligament.
Mesovarium
85
At birth ____ follicles are capable of maturation.
400
86
Origin of the ovary
Germinal epithelium
87
Composed of vessels, nerves and lymphatics that enter the ovary.
Hilum
88
Development of ovary, intermediate _______. Ovaries migrate caudally, retain position near kidney.
Mesoderm
89
Innervation of ovary, sympathetic is similar to hindgut, level T12' follows least _________. Parasympathetic is _____ outflow.
Splanchnic nerve. Sacral.
90
Arterial supply of ovary
Ovarian artery & branch of abdominal aorta
91
Venous drainage of the ovary
Ovarian vein & into IVC & renal vein
92
Produce ova in regular cycle determined by hormonal secretions.
Ovary
93
Functions of ovarian hormones and their secretion of ____ & ____ from _________.
FSH & LH. Anterior Pituitary Gland.
94
Without sonology, what parts of the gynecological examination can determine the presence of a uterus.
IE & Speculum
95
Interstitium, isthmus, ampulla and infundibulum. Lined by single layer of _______ cells. No submucosa.
Fallopian tube. Columnar.
96
Implantation of fetus to other parts other than the uterus
Ectopic pregnancy
97
Five pairs of ligaments in the Fallopian tube
Cardinal, Round, Uterosacral, Broad & Infundibulopelvic Ligaments "CRUBI"
98
Attaches the anterior-inferiorly to uterotubal junctions, pass in the broad ligaments, end in labia majora. They help to keep uterus in the position of anteversion.
Round ligament
99
Arise from the side of the uterus to the lateral pelvic wall, provide minimal support. Double folded peritoneum not an actual ligament.
Broad ligament
100
Extend from cervix and lateral parts of vaginal fornix to lateral walls of pelvis. Chief means of support and suspends the uterus from the lateral walls of the pelvis minor.
Cardinal ligament
101
Arise from the sacral fascia, and insert to the posteroinferior portion of the uterus at about the level of the isthmus. They provide important support for the uterus. Posterior of the uterus.
Uterosacral ligament
102
Aka suspensory ligament of the ovary, ovarian artery.
Infundibulopelvic ligament
103
How can you determine the anterior and posterior aspect of the ovary
Through the round ligament
104
Arises from the common iliac artery anterior to sacroiliac joint. Supplies perineum, glutal region & pelvic organs and walls. Divided into anterior and posterior.
Internal iliac artery/hypogastric artery
105
The chief source of the blood for the ovaries
Ovarian artery
106
Supplies ovarian, tubal and fundal. Cervical-vaginal branch.
Uterine artery
107
Main source of blood for the middle part of the vagina
Vaginal artery
108
Supply for superficial perineum, labia majora, minora, lower part of the vagina & clitoris.
Internal pudendal artery
109
Receive surround internal iliac vessels. Afferents from pelvic viscera, perineum, buttock and back of thigh.
Internal iliac lymph node
110
Lie along external iliac artery. Receive afferents from lower limb and some parts of the pelvic viscera.
External iliac lymph nodes
111
Lie along common iliac artery. Receive afferents from all above nodes. Efferents pass to lumbar lymph node.
Common iliac lymph node
112
A malignancy on the lower 1/3 of the genitalia will have palpable lymph node on the
Inguinal area
113
Sympathetic nerve are derived from plexus
Sacral & Ovarian plexuses
114
Obstetric local anesthesia (p block)
Pudendal nerve
115
The nerve of external genitalia is divided into three branches beside tuberosity
Inferior hemorrhoid nerve, Dorsal nerve & Perineal nerve
116
Urinary organs in the pelvis
Viscera
117
Muscular smooth tubes running from kidneys to bladder. _______ cm long.
Ureters. 25-30.
118
A hollow container surrounded by a strong smooth muscular wall. Temporary reservoir of urine.
Bladder
119
How can you identify the ureter intraoperatively.
Pinching or compressing the white structure, peristalsis will occur.
