M1: Development of Placenta

Question 0

Is dependent on the placenta for pulmonary, hepatic and renal functions

Answer 0

Fetus

Question 1

Early trophoblast formation

Answer 1

Implantation

Question 2

Maternal blood spurts from ___________ into the placental __________ and bathes the outer _________.

Answer 2

Uteroplacental vessels. Intervillous space. Syncytiotrophoblasts.

Question 3

Fetal and maternal blood are not mixed in this

Answer 3

Hemochorial placenta

Question 4

There is a _______ system that links mother and fetus

Answer 4

Paracrine

Question 5

Juxtaposition of the maternal decidua _______ and the extraembryonic chorion laeve.

Answer 5

Parietalis

Question 6

Human placental formation begins with the

Answer 6

Trophoectoderm (morula)

Question 7

Plays a critical part at the fetal maternal interface. Invasiveness promotes implantation. Nutritional role for the conceptus and maternal physiological adaptations, pregnancy maintenance.

Answer 7

Trophoblasts

Question 8

Differentiation occurs ______ postfertilization.

Answer 8

8th day

Question 9

Outer multinucleated

Answer 9

Syncytiotrophoblast

Question 10

Inner, mononuclear. Germinal cells for syncytium. Well-demarcated cell border, single nucleus, undergoes DNA synthesis and mitosis.

Answer 10

Cytotrophoblast

Question 11

Villous trophoblast: transports O2, nutrients

Answer 11

Chorionic villi

Question 12

Migrates into decidua, myometrium. Penetrates maternal vasculature.

Answer 12

Extravillous trophoblasts

Question 13

Extravillous trophoblasts: interstitial bed giant cells

Answer 13

Interstitial trophoblast

Question 14

Extravillous trophoblasts: spiral artery lumen

Answer 14

Endovascular trophoblast

Question 15

Low resistance blood flow

Answer 15

Spiral arteries

Question 16

Invade, transforms spiral arteries.

Answer 16

Endovascular trophoblasts

Question 17

Invade the decidua. Surrounds spiral arteries.

Answer 17

Interstitial trophoblasts

Question 18

Day in which blastocyst is enclosed in EM

Answer 18

10th day

Question 19

As the embryo enlarges, more maternal decidua basalis is invaded by _________.

Answer 19

Syncytiotrophoblasts

Question 20

System of intercommunicating channels. Filled with maternal blood.

Answer 20

Trophoblastic lacunae

Question 21

Formation of trophoblastic lacunae

Answer 21

12th day

Question 22

Solid 1° villi. Cytotrophoblast core plus syncytiotrophoblasts.

Answer 22

Extravillous cytotrophoblast

Question 23

Other name for cytotrophoblasts

Answer 23

Langhans cells

Question 24

Solid cellular columns

Answer 24

Primary villous stalks

Question 25

Trophoblasts lined channels

Answer 25

Intervillous space

Question 26

Fusion of amnionic and primary chorionic plate mesenchyme

Answer 26

Chronic plate formed

Question 27

Chronic plate formed at what week

Answer 27

8-10 weeks

Question 28

Mesenchyme invasion

Answer 28

Secondary villi

Question 29

Secondary villi at what week

Answer 29

12th day

Question 30

Angiogenesis occurs in

Answer 30

Tertiary villi

Question 31

Maternal blood in intervillous space is seen in what day

Answer 31

15th day

Question 32

Fetal blood vessels are functional. Placental circulation established. Fetal-placental circulation: embryonic vessels connected with chorionic vessels. What day

Answer 32

17th day

Question 33

Contact between the trophoblasts & maternal blood

Answer 33

Hemochorial placenta

Question 34

1st trimester, continuous layer of CTB.

Answer 34

Hemodichorial

Question 35

Term, scattered cells. Nutrient & Oxygen function.

Answer 35

Hemomonochrial

Question 36

Villi over entire chronic membrane

Answer 36

Early pregnancy

Question 37

Leafy chorion. Villi in contact with decidua basalis.

Answer 37

Chorion frondosum

Question 38

Smooth chorion. Avascular, abuts decidua parietalis. Maternal regulation.

Answer 38

Chorion laeve

Question 39

Lack cytotoxic functions. Dampens inflammatory T(H)17 cells

Answer 39

Decidual Natural killer cells

Question 40

Prevents NK cells from recognizing & destroying fetal cells

Answer 40

Decidual macrophage

Question 41

Promotes decidual invasion toward spiral arteries

Answer 41

IL-8 & Interferon-inducible protein 10

Question 42

Highly invasive. Inner 1/3 of myometrium. Has proteolytic enzymes & MMP-9.

Answer 42

Extravillous trophoblasts

Question 43

Digests ECM. Proteases.

Answer 43

Proteolytic enzymes

Question 44

Critical for human trophoblast invasion

Answer 44

MMP-9

Question 45

Less invasive. __________ secrete insulin-like growth factor binding protein type 4. Inhibits. Increasing estradiol levels repress.

Answer 45

Late pregnancy. Decidual cells

Question 46

Fetal origin

Answer 46

Trophoblasts

Question 47

Major portion of the placental bed. Penetrate the decidua and adjacent myometrium. Vessel preparation for endovascular TB invasion.

Answer 47

Interstitial

Question 48

Penetrate spiral artery. Destroy vascular epithelium. Against arterial flow.

Answer 48

Endovascular

Question 49

One month after exposure. Intervillous space. Fountain-like burst from spiral arteries. Villus branching. Arborize, ending freely in intervillous space.

Answer 49

Maternal blood flow