M1: Disease Control & Prevention

Question 0

Strategies of Prevention

Answer 0

Techniques of Disease Prevention & Control, Population approach and Risk Approach “TPR”

Question 1

Levels of Prevention

Answer 1

Primary, Secondary & Tertiary

Question 2

Before the person gets the disease. Prevent the onset of specific diseases via risk reduction.

Answer 2

Primary Prevention

Question 3

Primary Prevention: ________ behaviours or exposure.

Answer 3

Altering

Question 4

Primary Prevention: Enhancing the _________ to the effects of the exposure.

Answer 4

Resistance

Question 5

Primary Prevention: Foster _____________ that reduce the risk of disease.

Answer 5

Safe

Question 6

Primary Prevention: Efforts can be fitted into the agent-host environment ___________.

Answer 6

Model of causation

Question 7

After the disease has occurred, but before the person notices that anything is wrong. Procedures that detect and treat pre-clinical pathological changes. Control disease progression.

Answer 7

Secondary Prevention

Question 8

Primary Prevention: Already has symptoms of the disease. Soften the impact of illness on the patient.

Answer 8

Tertiary Prevention

Question 9

Goals of Tertiary Prevention: prevent _______ and ______ from the disease.

Answer 9

Damage. Pain.

Question 10

Goals of Tertiary Prevention: ________ the disease.

Answer 10

Slowdown

Question 11

Goals of Tertiary Prevention: Prevent the disease from causing other

Answer 11

Problem/complications

Question 12

Goals of Tertiary Prevention: Give better ______ to people with the disease make people with the disease healthy again and able to do what they used to do.

Answer 12

Care

Question 13

Key goal of Tertiary Prevention

Answer 13

Enhance quality of life

Question 14

Three important elements for Tertiary Prevention

Answer 14

Function, Longevity & Quality of life

Question 15

Focus is on reduction of population prevalence

Answer 15

Reversible conditions

Question 16

Increase prevalence if it prolongs survival

Answer 16

Incurable conditions

Question 17

Focus is on rehabilitation or assisting the patient to accommodate to his disability

Answer 17

Irreversible conditions

Question 18

Smoking cessation & vaccination

Answer 18

Primary Prevention

Question 19

Cardiac rehabilitation after MI seeking to alter behaviours to reduce the likelihood of a re-infarction

Answer 19

Tertiary prevention

Question 20

Mammography to detect early stage breast cancer

Answer 20

Secondary prevention

Question 21

Routine blood sugar testing for people over 40

Answer 21

Secondary prevention

Question 22

Primary Prevention Type of Participation: regular toothbrushing

Answer 22

Active participation

Question 23

Primary Prevention Type of Participation: adding fluoride to the municipal drinking water to harden tooth enamel and prevent carries

Answer 23

Passive participation

Question 24

Primary Prevention Type of Participation: Flossing to prevent dental carries

Answer 24

Passive participation

Question 25

Advantages are individualized, people at higher risk change their behavior to reduce their risk (as predicted by the ___________) Physicians feel justified in reducing risk factors in high risk patients. Cost effective. Favorable benefit to risk ration. High risk individual > benefit. Lower risk

Answer 25

Prevention Risk Approach

Question 26

Disadvantages of Prevention Risk A: Difficulties & Cost of Identifying __________ individuals.

Answer 26

High Risk

Question 27

Disadvantages of Prevention Risk A: Reaches those most ______ but little impact on the ________ burden in society.

Answer 27

At risk. Disease.

Question 28

Disadvantages of Prevention Risk A: Most cases of disease occur in people at

Answer 28

Low or moderate risk

Question 29

Disadvantages of Prevention Risk A: Palliative and ________.

Answer 29

Temporary

Question 30

Disadvantages of Prevention Risk A: ________ are not addressed.

Answer 30

Determinants

Question 31

Disadvantages of Prevention Risk A: _______ inappropriate. (Outside of norms)

Answer 31

Behaviourally

Question 32

Advantages are aimed at roots of problem. Reduces illness in the whole population regardless of risk. Tackles condition in its early stages (primary) A small change in the level of a risk factor in a population can improve the health of a large number of people. Behaviorally & socially appropriate.

Answer 32

Prevention Population Approach

Question 33

Disadvantages of Prevention Population A: __________ to most individuals can be outweighed by the risk of the intervention.

Answer 33

Small benefit

Question 34

Disadvantages of Prevention Population A: _________(and perhaps morally questionable) it demands change by a large number of people who would not have developed the disease at all.

Answer 34

Inefficient

Question 35

Disadvantages of Prevention Population A: Little motivation for __________ individuals to change behaviour.

Answer 35

Low risk

Question 36

Disadvantages of Prevention Population A: Danger of increasing ________ in health.

Answer 36

Inequity

Question 37

Disadvantages of Prevention Population A: Intervening in apparently healthy people is ethically more _________ than intervening in people with problems.

Answer 37

Sensitive

Question 38

Techniques of Disease Prevention & Control

Answer 38

Adjustment to permanency of outcomes, Risk identification & stratification, Mgt of risk/disease, Prevention of complications, Immunization, Timely diagnosis & Screening “ARRMPITS”