M1: PHILOSPHICAL VIEWS OF THE SELF

Question 1

“know thyself”

Answer 1

socrates

Question 1

he preferred to engage his students in endless discussion

Answer 1

socrates

Question 2

the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline

Answer 2

philosophy

Question 3

the 2 lenses of the philosophy of the self

Answer 3

empiricism and rationalism

Question 4

derives explanations of the self from sensory and bodily responses. we know things because we have experienced it through our bodily senses

Answer 4

empiricism

Question 5

there is innate knowledge; they differ in that they choose different objects of innate knowledge

Answer 5

rationalism

Question 6

explains the self from the standpoint of what is “ideal” and the “truth”, not rooted in what is felt by the senses nor our body

Answer 6

rationalism

Question 7

it is said that he had never written down any of his ideas but instead untiringly discussed concepts and principles with his students

Answer 7

socrates

Question 8

he believed that the real self is not the physical body, but rather the psyche (soul)

Answer 8

socrates

Question 9

according to him, the appearance of the body is inferior to its functions

Answer 9

socrates

Question 10

“an unexamined life is not worth living”

Answer 10

socrates

Question 11

according to him, the body is imperfect and impermanent, and the soul, called the real self, is perfect and permanent

Answer 11

socrates

Question 12

he follows the dualistic approach of the self

Answer 12

socrates

Question 13

according to socrates, the real self is not the physical body, but rather the ______________

Answer 13

psyche (soul)

Question 14

socrates further posited that the _____________ of the body is inferior to its ______________

Answer 14

appearance, functions

Question 15

according to socrates, the ________ is imperfect and impermanent, unlike the _______, which he calls the real self, is perfect and permanent

Answer 15

body, soul

Question 16

belief that the mind and the body are 2 separate entities

Answer 16

dualism / dualistic approach

Question 17

socrates’ prized student who thoroughly expounded on socrates’ idea of the self

Answer 17

plato

Question 18

his conceptualization of the self was profoundly introduced in his dialogue, phaedrus

Answer 18

plato

Question 19

the main idea of his dialogue is about truth-seeking, and that the truth can be distinguished in 2 forms: the metaphysical realm (mind) and the physical world (body)

Answer 19

plato

Question 20

he suggested that the existence or the truth about the human self is fundamentally an intellectual entity whose nature exists independent from the physical world

Answer 20

plato

Question 21

plato’s conceptualization of the self was profoundly introduced in his dialogue __________

Answer 21

phaedrus

Question 22

be bifurcated the truth or reality into 2: the ontos (ideal), and the phenomena

Answer 22

plato

Question 23

this is the main idea in plato’s dialogue

Answer 23

truth-seeking

Question 24

according to plato, the truth can be distinguished into 2 forms:

Answer 24

metaphysical realm (mind), physical world (body)

Question 25

plato suggested that the existence or the truth about the human self is fundamentally an ___________ whose nature exists _____________ from the physical world

Answer 25

intellectual entity, independent

Question 26

plato bifurcated the truth or reality into these 2:

Answer 26

ontos (ideal), phenomena

Question 27

according to plato, this is the ultimate reality which tend to be permanent and spiritual

Answer 27

ontos (ideal)

Question 28

according to plato, this refers to the manifestation of the ideal. in contrast with ontos, this is imperfect, impermanent, and inferior to the latter.

Answer 28

phenomena

Question 29

plato's idea of the truth about the human self was even more expounded and formalized by his prized student, _________

Answer 29

aristotle

Question 30

while plato emphasized the separation of ideal and phenomenal existence (or being), he suggested that the ideal is subsumed in the phenomena

Answer 30

aristotle

Question 31

he suggested that the ideal is subsumed in the phenomena

Answer 31

aristotle

Question 32

he called ideal as "essence" and the phenomena as "matter". he also emphasized that these 2 co-exist and are co-dependent.

Answer 32

aristotle

Question 33

according to him, essence provides meaning and purpose to the matter, and matter provides substance and solidarity to essence

Answer 33

aristotle

Question 34

according to aristotle, the ___________ is subsumed in the _________________

Answer 34

ideal, phenomena

Question 35

aristotle called ideal as "__________" and phenomena as "_______________"

Answer 35

essence, matter

Question 36

aristotle emphasized that these 2 coexist and are codependent

Answer 36

essence and matter

Question 37

according to aristotle, the ________ provides meaning and purpose to the matter

Answer 37

essence

Question 38

according to aristotle, the matter provides substance and solidarity to the __________

Answer 38

essence

Question 39

(excellence), what makes one function well; one's full potential

Answer 39

arete

Question 40

socrates' orientation

Answer 40

idealism

Question 41

plato's orientation

Answer 41

idealism

Question 42

aristotle's orientation

Answer 42

empiricist

Question 43

socrates' philosophy

Answer 43

socratic philosophy

Question 44

plato's philosophy

Answer 44

dualism and idealism

Question 45

aristotle's philosophy

Answer 45

aristotelian philosophy

Question 46

"knowledge is the personification of good, while ignorance is that of evil"

Answer 46

socrates - socratic philosphy

Question 47

"self-knowledge is the ultimate virtue. as the ultimate virtue, it will lead to ultimate happiness"

Answer 47

socrates - socratic philosophy

Question 48

____________ is the personification of good, while _______________ is that of evil

Answer 48

knowledge, ignorance

Question 49

______________ is the ultimate virtue. as the ultimate virtue, it will lead to ______________

Answer 49

self-knowledge, ultimate happiness

Question 50

"moral virtue is rooted in the intellect and leads to happines"

Answer 50

plato - dualism and idealism

Question 51

"wisdom and knowledge leads to virtue which will lead to happiness"

Answer 51

plato - dualism and idealism

Question 52

_________ is rooted in the intellect and leads to happiness

Answer 52

moral virtue

Question 53

__________ and __________ is rooted in the intellect and leads to happiness

Answer 53

wisdom, knowledge

Question 54

"ideal is found inside the phenomena and the universals inside the particulars"

Answer 54

aristotle -aristotelian philosophy

Question 55

"ideals are essence and phenomena is matter"

Answer 55

aristotle - aristotelian philosophy

Question 56

"matter has no form and essence has no mass; matter and essence need each other"

Answer 56

aristotle - aristotelian philosophy

Question 57

________ is found in the _________ and the universals inside the particulars

Answer 57

ideal, phenomena

Question 58

ideals are ________ and phenomena is _______

Answer 58

essence, matter

Question 59

matter has no _________, and essence has no _________; they need each other

Answer 59

form, mass

Question 60

st. augustine's orientation

Answer 60

platonism

Question 61

st. agustine's philosophy

Answer 61

neoplatonism

Question 62

according to him, all knowledge leads to god

Answer 62

st. augustine

Question 63

according to him, only the pure in heart can see god

Answer 63

st. augustine

Question 64

according to him, love of god, faith in him, and understanding of his gospel will ultimately lead to happiness

Answer 64

st. augustine

Question 65

all _________ leads to god

Answer 65

knowledge

Question 66

only ________________ can see god

Answer 66

the pure in heart

Question 67

love of god, faith in hum, and understanding of his gospel will ultimately lead to ___________

Answer 67

happiness

Question 68

orientation of descartes

Answer 68

rationalist

Question 69

philosophy of descartes

Answer 69

mind-body dualism

Question 70

"i think therefore i am"

Answer 70

descartes

Question 71

"the mind and the soul can exist without the body"

Answer 71

descartes

Question 72

"establishing the distinction of soul from the body can make people believe in the afterlife and the soul's immortality"

Answer 72

descartes

Question 73

the mind and the soul can exist without the _____

Answer 73

body

Question 74

establishing the distinction of soul from the body can make people believe in the ______ and the soul's ____________

Answer 74

afterlife, immortality

Question 75

locke's orientation

Answer 75

empiricist

Question 76

locke's philosophy

Answer 76

theory of personal identity

Question 77

"it is in consciousness alone that identity exists, not on the body and soul"

Answer 77

locke

Question 78

"there is distinction between man and person"

Answer 78

locke

Question 79

"the soul may change, but consciousness remains intact"

Answer 79

locke

Question 80

it is ________ alone that identity exists, not on the body and soul

Answer 80

consciousness

Question 81

there is no distinction between _____ and _______

Answer 81

man, person

Question 82

the ____ may change, but ___________ remains intact

Answer 82

soul, consciousness

Question 83

hume's orientation

Answer 83

empiricist

Question 84

hume's philosophy

Answer 84

skeptical philosophy

Question 85

"all knowledge passes through the senses"

Answer 85

hume

Question 86

"separate ideas can be joined in the mind"

Answer 86

hume

Question 87

"there is no self, only a bundle of perceptions"

Answer 87

hume

Question 88

all knowledge passes through the _______

Answer 88

senses

Question 89

separate ideas can be joined in the _____

Answer 89

mind

Question 90

there is no self, only a _____________

Answer 90

bundle of perceptions

Question 91

kant's orientation

Answer 91

rationalist / empiricist

Question 92

kant's philosophy

Answer 92

metaphysics of the self

Question 93

"reason is the final authority of morality"

Answer 93

kant

Question 94

"there is inner self and outer self"

Answer 94

kant

Question 95

"the inner self includes rational reasoning and psychological state"

Answer 95

kant

Question 96

"the outer self includes the body and the physical mind, where representation occurs"

Answer 96

kant

Question 97

________ is the final authority of morality

Answer 97

reason

Question 98

there is the ______ and _____ self

Answer 98

inner, outer

Question 99

inner self includes _________ and _________

Answer 99

rational reasoning, psychological state

Question 100

the outer self includes the __________ and __________, where representation occurs

Answer 100

body, physical mind

Question 101

ryle's orientation

Answer 101

empiricist

Question 102

ryle's philosophy

Answer 102

the concept of the mind

Question 103

"i act therefore i am"

Answer 103

ryle

Question 104

"the mind is not the seat of self"

Answer 104

ryle

Question 105

"the mind is not a separate, parallel thing to our physical body"

Answer 105

ryle

Question 106

"the mind is a category mistake, brought about by habitual use. the only way it can affect the other is through the external world"

Answer 106

ryle

Question 107

the ____ is not the seat of the self; it is not a separate, parallel thing to our physical body

Answer 107

mind

Question 108

churchland's orientation

Answer 108

empiricist

Question 109

churchland's philosophy

Answer 109

neurophilosophy

Question 110

"a fully matured neuroscience will eliminate the need for beliefs since they are not real"

Answer 110

churchland

Question 111

"the physical brain gives us a sense of self"

Answer 111

churchland

Question 112

the _________ gives us a sense of self

Answer 112

physical brain

Question 113

merleau-ponty's orientation

Answer 113

existentialism empiricist

Question 114

merleau-ponty's philosophy

Answer 114

phenomenology of perception

Question 115

"both empiricism and intellectualism are flawed in nature"

Answer 115

merleau-ponty

Question 116

"we are our bodies"

Answer 116

merleau-ponty

Question 117

"our bodily experiences do not detach the subject/object, mind/body, rational/irrational"

Answer 117

merleau-ponty