M1 Q1 - Cell Structure

Question 1

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 1

Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms which does not have a nucleus, mitochondria, or any membrane bound organelles. There are two types of prokaryote:
- Archaea
- Bacteria

Question 2

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

Eukaryotes may be unicellular or multicellular, they have a nucleus and other membrane bounded organelles.
- Animal
- Plant
- Fungi

Question 3

Types of microscopes

Answer 3

• Light microscope
• Fluorescent microscope
• Electron microscope

Question 4

Light microscope

Answer 4

The passing of visible light through a sample with the use of lenses to magnify the image.

Question 5

Fluorescent microscope

Answer 5

A special type of microscope that uses fluorescent dyes and light to make specific parts of a sample glow, so they are easier to see.

Question 6

Electron microscope

Answer 6

Uses a beam of electrons to illuminate objects. As electrons have significantly small wavelengths compared to other microscopes, electron microscope can image objects on a much smaller scale. This includes structures with cells like organelles.

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

Holds the genetic information of the cell

Question 8

Smooth ER

Answer 8

Produced lipids and steroid hormones

Question 9

Rough ER

Answer 9

Covered in ribosomes that produce proteins. Transport the proteins after production.

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

Composed of RNA, responsible for protein synthesis

Question 11

Mitochondria

Answer 11

Produce the cells energy through respiration.

Question 12

Lysosomes

Answer 12

Contains enzymes to aid digestion and destroy foreign bodies

Question 13

Golgi body

Answer 13

Package proteins and other molecules for transport

Question 14

Vacuole

Answer 14

Can store nutrients and waste

Question 15

Cell membrane

Answer 15

Responsible for controlling what enters and leaves a cell

Question 16

Cell membrane functions

Answer 16

• Receiving signals from outside the cell for internal cellular activities
• Imports and exports molecules

Question 17

Fluid Mosaic Model

Answer 17

Describes the structure of the cell membrane. The cell membrane is made up of phospholipid bilayer, molecules such as proteins and carbohydrates are scared throughout the bilayer.

Question 18

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 18

The phospholipid molecules have a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails. The head is made from the phosphate group, while the tale are made up of fatty acids