M2 Q1 - Organisation of Cells Flashcards
(13 cards)
Unicellular organisms
Unicellular organisms contains only one cell, they can either be prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
- Archaea
- Bacteria
- Protozoa
Multicellular organisms
They are made up of many cells that all work together in order for the organism to survive
- plants
- animals
Colonial organisms
Colonial organism consist of many individual cells living together in clusters. There are two types:
- Facultative colony: colonies are independent organisms
- Obligated colony: dependent on each other for survival and needs a host
Levels of organisation in multicellular organisms
- Organelles (mitochondrion)
- Specialised cells (muscle cell)
- Tissues (muscle tissue)
- Organs (heart)
- System (circulatory system)
- Organism (human)
Animal cells tissues
- Epithelial tissue
- connective tissue
- Nervous tissue
- Muscle tissue
Epithelial tissue
Formed by one or more layers of cells that cover most internal and external surfaces of the organism
Connective tissue
Forming the support and connecting the structures of the body
Nerve tissue
Consist of specialised cells called neurons that since stimuli and transmit signals
Muscle tissue
Is formed by cells that contract
Cell differentiation
A process by which unspecialised cells called stem cells become specialised cells
Cell Specialisation
A specific function which a cell has, determined by their cellular structures
Embryonic stem cell (ESC)
- Mesoderm (middle layer)
- Endoderm (internal layer)
- Ectoderm (external layer)
Plant tissues
- Maristamatic tissue
- Vascular tissue
- Dermal tissue
- Ground tissue
