M1 Topic 1 & 2: Levels of Organisation + Cell structure Flashcards
(15 cards)
What are the levels of organisation in order?
- Chemical level (atom, molecules, macromolecules)
- Organelle/structure level
- Cellular level
- Tissue level
- Organ level
- System level
- Organism level
Anatomy
Structure of the body
Physiology
Functions of the body
What are the 3 main parts that make up a cell?
- Plasma membrane
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
What is the plasma membrane?
Divides the inside of the cell from the outside and regulates what can enter or exit the cell
- Wall that encloses the cell
What is the cytoplasm?
Consists of everything inside the PM, but outside the nucleus
Two components
- Cytosol (fluid)
- Organelles
What is the nucleus?
Most prominent part of cell, separated from cytoplasm by nuclear envelope
- Inside nucleus are one (or more) small spherical structures called the nucleoli (singular = nucleolus), which produce ribosomes
- Also contains cell’s genetic material (DNA)
What are the cytoplasmic organelles?
- Ribosome
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- Smooth ER
- Golgi apparatus
- Mitochondria
- Lysosomes
What is a ribosome?
Small organelles that synthesise proteins
What is the rough ER?
Network of membranes int he form of flattened sacs which extends from nuclear envelope, the outer surface of the sacs are covered in ribosomes
What is the smooth ER?
Extension of rough ER which is organised into an network of membrane tubules (no ribosomes)
What is the Golgi apparatus?
Sorts, modifies, packages proteins into different types of vesicles
What is the mitochondria?
Produces ATP (energy)
- Powerhouse of cell
What are lysosomes?
Vesicles from the Golgi apparatus that contain many powerful digestive enzymes, fusing with other vesicles that contain things that need to be broken down
What process facilitates cell replication and divison?
Mitosis
- Exact copy of cell usually made
