M13 - Antibiotics

Question 1

What are antibiotics?

Answer 1

Small molecules that kill/ inhibit the growth of prokaryotes/ bacteria.

Question 2

The ability of bacteria to escape the action of antibiotics is known as?

Answer 2

Antibiotic resistance

Question 3

What can antibiotics target?

Answer 3

• cell walls
• DNA replication
• DNA gyrases
• Metabolic pathways
• cell membranes

Question 4

What family of antibiotic contains B-lactam ring?

Answer 4

The Penecillins

Question 5

What makes penicillin variable?

Answer 5

flexible molecule
side groups and chains

Question 6

Where is penicillin secreted?

Answer 6

Kidneys

Question 7

Is penicillin safe in pregnancy?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

When should you not prescribe penicillin?

Answer 8

in presence of mononucleosis infection

Question 9

Where is Penicillin V absorbed?

Answer 9

Intestine

Question 10

Why has Penicillin V got less impact on GI tract?

Answer 10

wide spectrum

Question 11

Why should you take Penicillin 30 minutes before a meal or 3 hours after?

Answer 11

It is sensitive to stomach acid

Question 12

When does Penicillin plasma concentration peak?

Answer 12

30-60 minutes after taking

Question 13

Amoxicillin is stable/ unstable in the presence of stomach acid?

Answer 13

Stable

Question 14

When does Amoxicillin plasma concentration peak?

Answer 14

60-120 minutes after taking

Question 15

What is co-amoxiclav?

Answer 15

Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid

Question 16

What is the role of clavulanic acid?

Answer 16

inhibits action of beta lactamase

Question 17

what enzyme does clavulanic acid inhibit?

Answer 17

Beta lactamase

Question 18

What are erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin examples of?

Answer 18

Macrolides

Question 19

What type of antibiotics are macrolides?

Answer 19

lipophilic

Question 20

Is erythromycin safe/ unsafe in pregnancy?

Answer 20

safe

Question 21

What are lincomycin and clindamycin examples of?

Answer 21

Lincosamides

Question 22

What is the mode of action of lincosamides?

Answer 22

bind to 50S ribosome and block peptidyl transferase, preventing peptide bond synthesis

Question 23

What are lincosamides used for?

Answer 23

severe/ deep staph infections

Question 24

What are minocycline and doxycycline examples of?

Answer 24

Tetracyclines

Question 25

What is the mode of action of tetracyclines?

Answer 25

bind to 30S subunit and prevent attachment of tRNA to acceptor sites and stops chain elongation.

Question 26

What main infection are tetracyclines used to treat?

Answer 26

Chlamydia

Question 27

Are tetracyclines safe in pregnancy?

Answer 27

No

Question 28

What antibiotic is used to treat dry socket?

Answer 28

Metronidazole

Question 29

What type of cells cause biofilms to exclude antibiotics ?

Answer 29

Persistor cells

Question 30

What are persistor cells?

Answer 30

cells that resist treatment and become tolerant by changing to state of dormancy

Question 31

What type of resistance affects almost all species strains and exists before antibiotic use?

Answer 31

Natural

Question 32

What type of resistance affects a fraction of strains and is increased with antibiotic use ?

Answer 32

Acquired resistance

Question 33

In what way can a resistance gene be passed within and between species?

Answer 33

Horizontal gene transfer

Question 34

What are the 3 stages of antimicrobial stewardship?

Answer 34

1. what to prescribe
2. whether to prescribe
3. for how long to prescribe

Question 35

What bacteria do antibiotics pose a risk to?

Answer 35

C. difficile

Question 36

What are the 4 C broad spectrum antibiotics?

Answer 36

1. Cephalosporins
2. Co-amoxiclav
3. Ciprofloxacin
4. Clindamycin