M1U2

Question 1

Electrons are very small particles that carry — unit of negative electric charge.

Answer 1

one

Question 2

Electrons can be pictured as revolving about the nucleus in — orbits, just as the planets in our solar system revolve around the Sun.

Answer 2

precisely fixed

Question 3

Unit of measure used to identify the size of an atomic particle that is so small.

Answer 3

Atomic mass units (amu)

Question 4

One atomic mass unit is equal to (1) of the mass of a (2).

Answer 4

1. one-twelfth
2. carbon-12 atom

Question 5

A system of whole number that is used when precision is not necessary.

Answer 5

Atomic mass numbers

Question 6

Equation for atomic mass

Answer 6

A= Protons + neutrons

Question 7

Equation for neutrons

Answer 7

n= A-Z

Question 8

They are particles contained in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 8

Nucleons

Question 9

Types of nucleon

Answer 9

Protons
Neutrons

Question 10

The primary difference between a proton and a neutron

Answer 10

Their electric charge
p= one unit of positive electric charge;
n= no charge; electrically neutral

Question 11

Essentially empty space

Answer 11

Atom

Question 12

In what model does the electrons circle the nucleus in the same way that planets
orbit the Sun?

Answer 12

Bohr model of the atom

Question 13

The circles where the electrons orbit

Answer 13

Energy levels/ Shells/ Orbits

Question 14

Electrons in the (1) have higher (2) since it requires more effort to (3) the electron a greater (4) from the nucleus.

Answer 14

1. outermost circles
2. energy
3. pull
4. distance

Question 15

How are energy levels denoted?

Answer 15

The energy levels are numbered as 1, 2, 3, etc. or instead of numbers, we use the letters K, L, M, etc.

Question 16

The value of n is sometimes called the —

Answer 16

principal quantum number

Question 17

Each — can only hold a certain number of electrons.

Answer 17

energy level

Question 18

How many electrons can each shells hold? (K-O)

Answer 18

K: 2
L: 8
M: 18
N: 32
O: 50

Question 19

As the — increases, so does the number of electrons that can fit into the shell.

Answer 19

energy level

Question 20

Formula to predict the maximum number of electrons that can fit into an energy level

Answer 20

Max # of electrons = 2𝑛^2

Question 21

Within each energy level are (1). They are labeled (2)

Answer 21

1. sublevels
2. s, p, d, f

Question 22

What sublevels do the first-fourth energy levels contain?

Answer 22

First energy level: s sublevel
Second energy level: s and p sublevels
Third energy level: s, p, and d sublevels
Fourth energy level: s, p, d, and f sublevels

Question 23

The number of sublevels in an energy level is equal to the number of the —

Answer 23

energy level

Question 24

Within each sublevel, there are —.

Answer 24

orbitals

Question 25

Maximum number of electrons that can occupy an orbital

Answer 25

2 electrons

Question 26

This is the final location where electrons reside

Answer 26

Orbitals

Question 27

Number of orbitals each sublevel has

Answer 27

s sublevel: 1 orbital p sublevel: 3 orbitals d sublevel: 5 orbitals f sublevel: 7 orbitals

Question 28

Summarize the terms related to where the electrons orbit

Answer 28

Electrons orbit the nucleus in circles called energy levels (n). Inside the energy levels are sublevels (s,p,d,f). Inside the sublevels are orbitals.

Question 29

Electrons fill the orbitals according to a pattern called ---

Answer 29

Electron configuration

Question 30

Rules for filling the orbitals

Answer 30

1. Start with the lowest energy level, “n.” 2. Choose the lowest sublevel s, p, d, or f. 3. Fill the orbital with a max of 2 electrons 4. Before a second electron can be placed in any orbital, all the sublevels must contain at least one electron.

Question 31

Primary constituent of tissue

Answer 31

Interaction b/n an x-ray and a carbon atom

Question 32

Ionized atom and the released electron

Answer 32

Ion pair

Question 33

Removal of an orbital electron from an atom

Answer 33

Ionization

Question 34

Required energy for ionization

Answer 34

Approximately 34 eV

Question 35

Determines the chemical element and the behavior of an atom

Answer 35

Number of protons

Question 36

The force that keeps an electron in orbit

Answer 36

Centripetal force

Question 37

What is the Centripetal force called?

Answer 37

center-seeking force

Question 38

The force that causes an electron to travel straight and leave the atom

Answer 38

Centrifugal Force

Question 39

What is the Centrifugal Force called?

Answer 39

flying-out-from-the-center force

Question 40

The strength of the attachment of an electron to the nucleus

Answer 40

Electron Binding Energy

Question 41

Has a symbol of 𝐸b

Answer 41

Electron Binding Energy

Question 42

Atomic Nomenclatures

Answer 42

1. Atomic Nomenclature 2. Number & Arrangement of Electrons 3. Atomic number 4. Atomic Mass Number 5. Protocol for Representing Elements in a Molecule

Question 43

The alphabetic abbreviations of an element

Answer 43

Atomic Nomenclature

Question 44

Determines the chemical properties of an element

Answer 44

Number & Arrangement of Electrons

Question 45

It is equal to the number of protons

Answer 45

Atomic number (Z)

Question 46

Protocol for Representing Elements in a Molecule

Answer 46

Upper Left: atomic mass (A) Lower Left: atomic number (Z) Upper Right: valence state (+/-) Lower Right: number of atoms/molecules

Question 47

The atomic number & the precise --- of an atom are not equal

Answer 47

mass

Question 48

The group of atoms of various elements

Answer 48

Molecules

Question 49

The smallest unit of a compound

Answer 49

Molecules

Question 50

90% of the human body

Answer 50

CHON (C-6, H-1, O-8, N-7) = Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Question 51

Any quantity of one type of molecule

Answer 51

Chemical Compound

Question 52

Example of a Chemical Compound

Answer 52

NaCl (Sodium Chloride) – common table salt

Question 53

The chemical union between atoms formed by sharing one or more pairs of electrons

Answer 53

Covalent Bond

Question 54

Example of a Covalent Bond

Answer 54

H2O

Question 55

The bonding that occurs because of an electrostatic force between ions

Answer 55

Ionic Bond

Question 56

Example of Ionic Bond

Answer 56

NaCl Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)-Baking soda

Question 57

Primary constituents of the x-ray tube target

Answer 57

Tungsten (W-74) Molybdenum (Mo-42)

Question 58

Radiographic & fluoroscopic contrast agents

Answer 58

Barium (Ba-56 Iodine (I-53)

Question 59

Important component of human tissue

Answer 59

Carbon (C-6)

Question 60

The amount of energy (34 keV) necessary to ionize tissue atoms

Answer 60

Ionization Potential

Question 61

How much energy is necessary to ionize tissue atoms

Answer 61

34 keV

Question 62

Difference between an atom and molecule

Answer 62

Atom: smallest particle of an element Molecule: smallest particle of a compound