M2 L6

Question 1

vertical gene inheritance

Answer 1

asexual reproduction via cell division
- rare mutations

Question 2

Horizontal gene transfer

Answer 2

Organism aquires genes directly from another cell and incorporates them into its genome

Question 3

conjugation

Answer 3

DNA transfer through cell to cell contact mediated by a mobile genetic element eg. plasmid

Question 4

transduction

Answer 4

DNA transfer mediated by a bacteriophage

Question 5

transformation

Answer 5

uptake of naked DNA into a competent recipient cell

Question 6

why do we always study e. coli

Answer 6

-non-pathogenic, rapid growth, simple nutritional requirements
- supports growth of a range of bacterial viruses
- first bacterium that sexual recombination was discovered in

Question 7

Lederberg

Answer 7

detection of genetic exchange

Question 8

HFr strain

Answer 8

High frequency of recombination strain
Bacteria with the F plasmid integrated into the chromosome

Question 9

where does F integrate into the chromosome

Answer 9

18 sites
each has
-> unique origin
-> unique direction of transfer

Question 10

Contents of F plasmid

Answer 10

1 x Insertion Sequence 2 (IS2)
2 x IS3
1 x Tn1000 (transposon)

Question 11

IS in E. coli K12 chromosome

Answer 11

12x IS2
6x IS3
homologous with F plasmid
allows for recombination