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AHE 110 > M2 Part C > Flashcards

M2 Part C Flashcards

Digestive System (69 cards)

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1
Q

tongue

A

organ for taste, aids with chewing, swallowing, and speech. contains papillae and taste buds.

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2
Q

teeth

A

hard appendages set in the jaw bone to assist in chewing. 2 sets in lifetime.

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3
Q

salivary glands

A

secrete saliva to moisten food and start digestion of sugars and carbohydrates

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4
Q

uvula

A

a small, fleshy mass of tissue at the back of the oral cavity, aids with sound

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5
Q

pharynx

A

muscular cavity referred to as the throat; air and food/liquids both pass through

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6
Q

epiglottis

A

thin cartilage that prevents food/liquids from entering the lungs, just behind the base of the tongue

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7
Q

esophagus

A

connects the pharynx to the stomach, smooth muscles contract by peristalsis to move food

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8
Q

stomach

A

muscular organ that assists digestion with acids and churning of food

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9
Q

duodenum

A

first part of the small intestine, connecting the stomach and the jejunum; both the shortest and widest part

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10
Q

jejunum

A

second part of the small intestine, between the duodenum and the ileum

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11
Q

ileum

A

last and longest part of the small intestine, connects the jejunum and the large intestine; narrowest segment

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12
Q

cecum

A

dilated pouch at the start of the large intestine; on the right side of the body near the appendix

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13
Q

appendix

A

a small tube extending from the cecum; thought to be part of the intestine’s internal immune system

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14
Q

ascending colon

A

beginning part of the large intestine between the cecum and transverse colon; on the right side of the body

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15
Q

transverse colon

A

second part of the large intestine, between the ascending and descending colon, running horizontally across the abdomen.

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16
Q

descending colon

A

third part of the large intestine, between the transverse and sigmoid colons, usually on the left side of the body. stores partially-digested food.

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17
Q

sigmoid colon

A

fourth part of the large intestine, connecting the descending colon and the rectum. stores feces.

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18
Q

rectum

A

last part of the large intestine, stores feces

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19
Q

anus

A

opening of the rectum on the body surface for expelling feces; controlled by 2 sphincters, circular muscles.

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20
Q

gallbladder

A

a muscular sac containing bile from the liver before it is dispensed into the duodenum

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21
Q

liver

A

a large, glandular organ that creates bile and processes certain substances in the blood.

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22
Q

pancreas

A

a large, elongated gland behind the stomach; secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum and insulin/other hormones into the blood

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23
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach

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24
Q

esophagitis

A

inflammation of the esophagus; can develop from GERD

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25
gastroesophageal reflux disease
AKA GERD; backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus, causing heartburn
26
hiatal hernia
a protrusion of the top of the stomach through part of the diaphragm; may need surgical repair
27
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas; severe pain, can be acute or chronic; related to gall stones, alcoholism, etc.
28
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder, usually caused by gallstones or bacterial infection
29
cholelithiasis
having gallstones, hardened cholesterol stones formed from bile
30
cholecystectomy
removal of the gallbladder
31
cirrhosis
widespread disruption of the liver structure by fibroids caused by damage related to some progressive conditions
32
jaundice
yellowish pigmentation of tissues/fluids caused by an abundance of bilirubin
33
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the space between tissues and organs of the abdominal cavity
34
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and intestinal linings
35
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
36
appendectomy
surgical removal of the appendix
37
inflammatory bowel disease
AKA IBD; a group of autoimmune disorders with chronic inflammation of the GI track, includes Crohn's and ulcerative colitis
38
Crohn's Disease
autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease, can affect any part of the GI track; symptoms include pain, diarrhea, gas, bloating, vomiting
39
diverticulum
an abnormal pouch off of a hollow part of the body such as the intestines
40
diverticulitis
inflammation of the diverticulum, usually caused by infection
41
polyposis
many polyps, common in the colon
42
colectomy
surgical removal of all or part of the large intestine
43
colostomy
surgical creation of an opening between the colon and the body surface for the exit of fluids
44
ileostomy
surgical creation of an opening between the ileum and the body surface for the exit of fluids
45
colonoscopy
use of an endoscope to examine the colon
46
gastroscopy
use of an endoscope to examine the stomach
47
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
AKA EGD; use of an endoscope to examine the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
48
emesis
vomiting
49
flatulence
AKA farting; affected by gas in the colon
50
diarrhea
abnormally frequent and watery bowel movements
51
melena
dark, tarry stools; indicates bleeding in the upper GI track.
52
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity
53
anorexia
lack of hunger
54
emaciation
the state of being very thin and feeble
55
cachexia
physical wasting and malnutrition, associated with disease
56
peristalsis
muscular contractions that move food through the digestive system
57
bilirubin
byproduct of blood cell breakdown, excreted by the liver in bile; can be found in blood or urine in cases of jaundice
58
gastric bypass
surgery that aids in weight loss by reducing the size of the upper GI track.
59
Roux-en-Y bypass
AKA RNY; divides the stomach into two portions, one connected to the esophagus and the duodenum, the other only to the jejunum
60
GI
gastrointestinal
61
GIB
gastrointestinal bleeding
62
UGIB
upper gastrointestinal bleeding; from the stomach and above
63
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease. stomach acid back-flows into the esophagus.
64
IBD
inflammatory bowel disease; group of autoimmune disorders with chronic inflammation of the GI track, includes Crohn's and ulcerative colitis
65
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome; a group of symptoms including pain and change in bowel movements
66
BMI
body mass index; commonly used method for determining patient health by weight in reference to their height
67
NG
nasogastric tube, sometimes NGT; for feeding nutrition through tube in nose
68
NPO
nil per os AKA nothing by mouth; standard before procedures utilizing general anesthesia to prevent aspiration of stomach contents
69
TPN
total parenteral nutrition; total feeding of patient by liquid nutrition, often used for comatose patients

AHE 110 (10 decks)

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