M3 Part B

Question 1

apex

Answer 1

pointed end of the heart

Question 2

atrium

Answer 2

the two smaller upper chambers of the heart, receive blood from the veins

Question 3

septum

Answer 3

a wall or partition dividing a space, often vertically

Question 4

ventricle

Answer 4

the two larger lower chambers of the heart, pump blood into the arteries

Question 5

endocardium

Answer 5

innermost layer including the valves; a thin, smooth lining for blood to travel on

Question 6

epicardium

Answer 6

the outer layer of the heart

Question 7

myocardium

Answer 7

between the endocardium and epicardium, the middle layer consisting of cardiac muscle tissue

Question 8

pericardium

Answer 8

outermost fibrous sac enclosing the heart

Question 9

coronary

Answer 9

the arteries that supply the heart with its own oxygen

Question 10

pulmonary

Answer 10

moves blood through the lungs

Question 11

aorta

Answer 11

largest artery in the body, exits left ventricle

Question 12

vena cava

Answer 12

largest vein in body, carries de-oxygenated blood into the heart

Question 13

capillary

Answer 13

smallest blood vessels, size of hair, where O2/CO2 exchange takes place

Question 14

anemia

Answer 14

a condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, hemoglobin, or total volume

Question 15

aneurysm

Answer 15

a bulge or sac formed on an artery or vein, dangerous and can potentially burst

Question 16

arteriosclerosis

Answer 16

artery wall thickening

Question 17

atherosclerosis

Answer 17

fatty plaque buildup on the inside wall of arteries, causing stiffness; leads to hypertension, heart attack, or stroke

Question 18

CHF

Answer 18

congestive heart failure; poor blood pumping, shortness of breath, retention of fluids/edema

Question 19

CAD

Answer 19

coronary artery disease; caused by atheroclerosis, risk for heart attack if blood flow is affected

Question 20

embolism

Answer 20

the condition of a blood vessel being blocked by an embolus

Question 21

embolus

Answer 21

traveling piece of material such as blood clot, tissue, air bubble, or object that can become lodged in a vessel

Question 22

endocarditis

Answer 22

inflammation of the innermost lining of the heart or the valves; very serious

Question 23

ischemia

Answer 23

insufficient blood supply to an organ due to the obstruction of inflow of arterial blood

Question 24

myocarditis

Answer 24

inflammation of the myocardium

Question 25

pericarditis

Answer 25

inflammation of the pericardium

Question 26

arrythmia

Answer 26

a variation from the normal steady rhythm of the heart, irregular

Question 27

asystole

Answer 27

the weakening or cessation of systole, where the ventricles contract to pump blood out

Question 28

fibrillation

Answer 28

irregular contractions of heart muscle, quivering, unsynchronized heartbeats

Question 29

MI

Answer 29

myocardial infarction AKA a heart attack

Question 30

varicose veins

Answer 30

dilated veins, usually in the legs, where blood flow is not fully effective

Question 31

bradycardia

Answer 31

abnormally slow heartbeat

Question 32

heart murmur

Answer 32

an irregular heart sound, like a swishing, indicating an abnormality in the heart's function or structure

Question 33

tachycardia

Answer 33

abnormally fast heartbeat

Question 34

angiography

Answer 34

the radiographic visualization of blood vessels after injection of a radiopaque substance

Question 35

ECHO

Answer 35

AKA echocardiography; the use of ultrasound to measure the structure and functioning of the heart to diagnose abnormalities and disease

Question 36

ECG/EKG

Answer 36

electrocardiogram; the output of an instrument used to measure the changes of electrical potential during heartbeats

Question 37

diuretic

Answer 37

a drug used to increase urine output to remove excess body fluid; used in the treatment of edema in the setting of CHF

Question 38

heparin

Answer 38

a medication used to slow the blood clotting process, used to reduce risk of stroke

Question 39

thrombolytic

Answer 39

an injection to dissolve a blood clot so that blood flow can be restored

Question 40

angioplasty

Answer 40

a procedure that reconstructs a blood vessel to restore blood flow