M2 PART2 Flashcards by CHESKA CIANNELLE FRANCISCO

Q

Sum of all chemical reaction that occur within a living cell

A

METABOLISM

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Q

Metabolic activity of bacteria in the presence of what enzymes:

A

ENDOENZYMES
EXOENZYMES

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Q

Energy-producing reactions of bacteria:

A

OXIDATIVE PROCESS
FERMNETATION PROCESS

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Q

bacteria catalyzes within the cell

A

ENDOENZYME

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Q

bacteria catalyzes outside the cell

A

EXOENZYME

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Q

with oxygen
CO2 + H2O

A

OXIDATIVE PROCESS

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Q

acids, alcohols, gases
facultative aerobes

A

FERMENTATION PROCESS

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Q

The substrate formed from the metabolism of carbohydrate is either glucose or lactose (some people lack enzymes that breaks them down)
used by almost all bacteria

Glucose —> acid, alcohol, gas, organic molecule

A

CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATION

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Q

CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATION

The substrate formed from the metabolism of carbohydrate is either ____ or ____.

A

GLUCOSE
LACTOSE

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Q

CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATION

source of energy with or without oxygen

A

ATP

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Q

Fermentation in Broth Medium CULTURE MEDIA USED

A

LACTOSE BROTH

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Q

Fermentation in Broth Medium | CHANGE IN COLOR

Inability to utilize carbohydrates

A

RED TO RED

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Q

Fermentation in Broth Medium | CHANGE IN COLOR

Turbidity indicates growth in the medium. Color unchanged indicates other possible sources of energy such as peptone

A

RED TO RED (TURBID/CLOUDY)

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Q

Fermentation in Broth Medium | CHANGE IN COLOR

Ability to use carbohydrates and produce organic acid

A

RED TO YELLOW

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Q

Fermentation in Broth Medium | CHANGE IN COLOR

Ability to use carbohydrate and produce organic acids and gas.

A

RED TO YELLOW WITH BUBBLE IN DURHAM TUBE

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Q

RESULTS

negative fermentation reaction

A

RED, unchanged

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Q

RESULTS

fermentation of the carbohydrate, or acid conditions

A

RED TO YELLOW

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Q

RESULTS

fermentation as well as gas formation, or acid + gas

A

RED TO YELLOW w bubble in Durham tube

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Q

Fermentation in Solid Medium CULTURE MEDIA USED

A

TRIPLE SUGAR IRON (TSI)
DEEP SLANT

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Q

Fermentation in Solid Medium | TSI

inidcates acid production

A

RED TO YELLOW

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Q

Fermentation in Solid Medium | TSI

indicates hydrogen sulfide gas

A

BLACK COLOR

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Q

Fermentation in Solid Medium | TSI

POSITIVE
(glucose fermentation)

A

YELLOW DEEP
RED SLANT

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Q

Fermentation in Solid Medium | TSI

POSITIVE
(indicates glucose, lactose & sucrose fermentation)

A

YELLOW DEEP & SLANT

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Q

Fermentation in Solid Medium | TSI

NEGATIVE
(indicates that no sugar was fermented)

A

RED

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Carbohydrate Fermentation TEST

IMViC Test * **I**ndole Production Test * **M**ethyl Red Test * **V**oges-Proskauer Test * **C**itrate Utilization Test

**Methyl Red Test** CULTURE MEDIA

Methyl Red-Voges Proskauer Broth (MRVP)

# **METHYL RED TEST** glucose produces

ACID

# **METHYL RED TEST** ph indicator

methyl red

# **METHYL RED TEST** pH: **RED**

4.4

# **METHYL RED TEST** pH: **YELLOW**

6.2

**Vogues-Proskauer Test** CULTURE MEDIA

Methyl Red-Voges Proskauer Broth (MRVP)

# **Vogues-Proskauer Test** glucose produces | butanediol fermentation

acetoin (acetyl methyl carbinol)

# **Vogues-Proskauer Test** how many drops: **Barritt’s A** (alpha-naphthol) in ethanol

12 gtts

# **Vogues-Proskauer Test** **Barritt’s B** (40% KOH)

6 gtts

It is used to differentiate between organisms that produce **large amounts of acid** and organisms that **only** produce **neutral content (acetoin)**

MRVP TEST

# **MRVP TEST** positive result

RED

# **MRVP TEST** negative result

yellow

**Citrate Utilization Test** CULTURE MEDIA

Simmons Citrate Agar (SCA) Slants

# **Citrate Utilization Test** indicator

bromothymol blue

# **Citrate Utilization Test** **alkaline** pH

BLUE

# **Citrate Utilization Test** **neutral** pH

GREEN

# **Citrate Utilization Test** NEGATIVE RESULT

GREEN

# **Citrate Utilization Test** indicates that the bacterium inoculated **utilized the citrate** for **energy production**. | **POSITIVE** RESULT

BLUE

**Indole Production Test** CULTURE MEDIA

Sulfide Indole Motility (SIM)

# **Indole Production Test** indole-**positive** **negative** for **sulfide production**

purple layer sa taas

# **Indole Production Test** **sulfide** production **indole** production

black

# **Indole Production Test** **negative** reaction

no change

The **IMViC** (Indole, Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate) set of reactions used to **differentiate** between ____ and ____

E. COLI ENTEROBACTER AEROGENES

**Lysine Decarboxylase Test** CULTURE MEDIA

Lysine Iron Agar (LIA) Slants

# **Lysine Decarboxylase Test** lysine produces

cadaverine & CO2

# **Lysine Decarboxylase Test** indicator

bromcresol purple

# **Lysine Decarboxylase Test** **alkaline** pH

purple

# **Lysine Decarboxylase Test** **acidic** pH

yellow

# **Lysine Decarboxylase Test** H2S production

black

# **Phenylalanine Deamination** phenylalanine produces

phenylpyruvic acid

# **Phenylalanine Deamination** test reagents contains

FeCl3

# **Phenylalanine Deamination** acid is **present**

green

# **Phenylalanine Deamination** negative

yellow

# **Urease Test** urea produces

NH3 & CO2

a **by product** of **protein metabolism**

UREA

# **Urease Test** production of ____ results in the **increase in pH** of the medium

ammonia

# **Urease Test** indicator

phenol red

# **Urease Test** ph <6.8 | NEGATIVE

orange yellow

# **Urease Test** ph >8.1 | POSITIVE

bright pinkish red

**Hydrogen peroxide** is one of the **by-products** of **oxidation-reduction**, in the **presence of oxygen**. * **H2O2** ---------> **water** and **oxygen**

CATALASE TEST

# **CATALASE TEST** ____ is one of the **by-products** of **oxidation-reduction**, in the **presence of oxygen**.

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

Protects bacteria from** toxic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation**, which can occur during **aerobic metabolism**. If **hydrogen peroxide accumulates**, it becomes **toxic to the organism**

Catalase enzyme

used to determine a bacterium’s ability to **reduce nitrates**

nitrate broth

# **Nitrate Reduction Test** Nitrate reagent A

dimethyl-alpha-naphthylamine

# **Nitrate Reduction Test** Nitrate reagent B

sulfanilic acid

# **Nitrate Reduction Test** positive result

red

# **Nitrate Reduction Test** if it does not turn red, what to be added in small pinch

ZINC DUST