MODULE 1 Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
refers to practices or procedures that will prevent contamination from pathogenic microorganisms.
A
ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE
2
Q
destruction of vegetative pathogens on living (animate) tissue by chemical methods.
A
ANTISEPSIS
3
Q
destruction of vegetative pathogens on non-living (inanimate) objects by physical or chemical methods.
A
DISINFECTION
4
Q
is a process to decrease microbial counts to public health levels thereby minimizing the chances of transmitting diseases.
A
SANITATION
5
Q
Any material containing essential nutrients for the growth and multiplication of bacteria.
A
CULTURE MEDIA
6
Q
The liquid media used to prepare bacterial culture for growth and cultivation.
A
BROTH
7
Q
The solidified media used for isolation and preservation of bacteria.
A
AGAR
8
Q
Culture media and its container must be
A
STERILIZED
9
Q
The container must be
A
COVERED
10
Q
is a process of removing or reducing biological agents so they will no longer present a hazard to individuals.
A
DECONTAMINATION
11
Q
is the process of eliminating, destroying, killing or deactivating all forms of biological agents or microorganisms.
A
STERILIZATION
12
Q
- Burning contaminants to ashes
- Used for inoculating loops
A
FLAMING / RED HEAT
13
Q
- Burning to ashes
- Used for disposal of contaminated dressings, animal carcasses, and paper.
A
INCINERATION
14
Q
- Oxidation
- Used for glass wares, needles, and glass syringes
- 160 -180ºC for 1 hour to 2 hours
A
HOT AIR OVEN
15
Q
hot air oven temp
A
160 - 180C
16
Q
gano katagal nilalagay sa hot air oven
A
1 - 2 hrs
17
Q
- Protein denaturation
- It works using water at 100C for 10 minutes
A
BOILING
18
Q
- Protein denaturation
- Steam pressure
- 121C for 15-20 min, 15 psi
- Geobacillus stearothermophilus – bioindicator
A
AUTOCLAVING
19
Q
- Protein denaturation
- Heat treatment for milk, ice-cream or even fruit juices and dairies that kills all pathogens and most nonpathogens.
A
PASTEURIZATION
20
Q
TEMP & TIME
Batch process or Low Temperature, Holding Time (LTHT)
A
63C
30 mins
vat or large container
21
Q
TEMP & TIME
Flash method or High temperature short time (HTST)
A
72C
15 secs
22
Q
TEMP & TIME
Ultra-High Temperature/ Ultra-Heat Treatment (UHT) / Ultra-pasteurization
A
initally exposed to 74-140C then 74C in less than 5 sec
23
Q
Tyndallization or intermittent sterilization is also known as
A
ARNOLD’S STERILIZER
FRACTIONAL STERILIZATION
24
Q
It is boiled at 100C for about 15-20 minutes or 1 hour each day for 3 consecutive days.
A
TYNDALLIZATION
25
This process is used for **culture media** that can **support bacterial growth** like those with **high sugar content** and **will not sterilize non-nutritive substances** like **water**.
TYNDALLIZATION
26
is a process used when **heating** **high-protein containing** media
INSPISSATION
27
uses **cold** or **low temperatures (4C)** in the **refrigerator** to **slow down** the **growth** or **reproduction** of microorganisms.
COLD METHOD
28
is a process in which a **liquid** or a **gas** passes through a **series of pores** small enough to **retain microorganism**
FILTRATION
29
# FILTRATION
**pore size** of the filter to effectively **separate bacteria**
0.22 - 0.45 um
30
# FILTRATION
**pore size** of filter used for **viruses**
20 nm
31
act by **plasmolysis** because the cell membrane of the bacteria is **semi-permeable**. When the bacteria is subjected to **high salt** or **sugar concentration**, the cell **shrink** due to **large amount of water** that **goes out** from the cell.
OSMOTIC PRESSURE
32
osmotic pressure is act by
PLASMOLYSIS
33
is a process of **removing water** from the **environment** where **there is growth** of bacteria.
DESSICATION or
DRYING or
DEHYDRATION
34
* Another method of **desiccation**
* this is when the sample is subjected to **rapidly freezing** environment under **vacuum** so that water is removed by **sublimation**.
FREEZE-DRYING or
LYOPHILIZATION
35
in **three forms** can be used to **kill** or **inhibit** the **growth** of microorganism by **disrupting** the **biological structure** of organism.
RADIATION
36
like **x-rays**, **gamma rays** or **electron beam** requires **longer contact time** because of **shorter wavelength** of less than 1 nanometer. It can be used to sterilize pharmaceuticals and medical supplies that are **disposable** but the **disadvantage** is that it **causes gene or DNA mutation** and **produce peroxide**.
IONIZING RADIATION
37
has **longer wavelength** of **1-380 nanometer**. It can be used to sterilize or disinfect **operating rooms**, **nurseries or cafeterias**, that can **damage DNA** by **producing glycine dimers** responsible for **gene mutation**.
NON IONIZING RADIATION or ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT
38
utilize a wavelength from **1 millimeter to 1 meter**. The heat in the **microwave** absorb water that may **kill bacterial endospores** or **vegetative cells in moist food**.
MICROWAVE RADIATION
39
It refers to the **increase** in the **cell number** rather than in terms of cell size
MICROBIAL GROWTH
40
It is the process of **propagating** microorganisms by providing **proper environmental conditions** and **nutrients**
CULTIVATION
41
**complex** growth requirements
FASTIDIOUS
42
**basic** nutritional requirements
NON FASTIDIOUS
43
Any material **containing essential nutrients** for the **growth** and **multiplication** of bacteria.
CULTURE MEDIA
44
A culture media that contains **no agar or gelatin**.
ex. Nutrient Broth (NB), Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB), Lactose Broth (LB)
LIQUID
45
A culture media that contains **0.3 to 0.5% agar**.
ex. Sulfide Indole Medium (SIM) & Fletcher’s semi solid medium
SEMISOLID
46
A culture media that contains **agar**, **gelatin** or **albumin**.
SOLID
47
a **complex polysaccharide** derived from a **marine alga**; concentration is **1.5-3%**.
AGAR
48
used as **diagnostic medium** that **solidifies at 25C** and has a concentration of **10-15%**
GELATIN
49
a substance that **coagulates upon heating**
ALBUMIN
50
it contains ingredients which are **chemically identified** and whose **exact concentration is known**.
SYNTHETIC CULTURE MEDIUM
51
52
a nutrient material whose **exact chemical composition** is **not known**.
COMPLEX CULTURE MEDIUM
53
it contains **living cell** and are used in **viral cultivation**.
TISSUE CULTURE
54
Used for the cultivation of various **non-fastidious microorganisms** such as different **bacteria** and **fungi**.
Ex: NA and NB
GENERAL PURPOSE MEDIUM
55
Contains **various nutrients** added to the base medium. Nutrients added
may include **blood**, **serum**, and **ascitic fluid** as additional supplement
Ex: Blood agar, chocolate agar, Loeffler’s serum
ENRICHED MEDIUM
56
contains **hemoglobin** and **blood**
CHOCOLATE AGAR
57
a mixture of **nutrient agar** and **5% sheep’s blood** for **hemolytic** microorganisms
BLOOD AGAR
58
Contains **chemicals** that **favor** the **survival** or **growth** of a **particular group** of organisms and **inhibiting** the **growth** of **others**.
Examples: Alkaline Peptone Water (Vibrio), Selenite F broth and Tetra Thionate Broth (Salmonella and Shigella).
ENRICHMENT MEDIUM
59
Distinguishing of **colonies** of desired microbes from others
Ex:
* Mac Conkey Agar (MCA)
* Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB)
* Blood Agar
* Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA)
DIFFERENTIAL CULTURE MEDIUM
60
Contains substances that **inhibit** the **growth** of **one type** of microorganism while **promoting** the **growth of others**
Examples:
* Blood Potassium Tellurite Agar (BPTA)
* Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA)
* Baird-Parker Medium
* Brilliant Green Agar (BGA)
* Bismuth Sulfide Agar (BSA)
SELECTIVE MEDIUM
61
For identification of **diphtheria** characterized by the production of **tellurium (black pigment)**
TELLURITE MEDIA
62
for **Corynebacterium diphtheriae**
LOEFFLER'S SERUM MEDIA
63
For **fungi**
SABORAUD'S DEXTORSE AGAR (DSA)
64
A **modified** chocolate agar selective for **Neisseria gonnorheae**.
THAYER MARTIN'S AGAR
65
Semisynthetic CM containing **egg yolk** for **Mycobacterium tuberculosis**
LOWENSTEIN-JENSEN AGAR
66
# COLOR OF COLONIES
bacterium does **not** ferment **lactose** or **sucrose**
RED
67
# COLOR OF COLONIES
due to the **low pH** which is caused by the **production** of **acid** during fermentation of lactose and/or sucrose.
YELLOW
68
Used in various **biochemical tests** such c**arbohydrate fermentation**, **amino acid deamination**, and **decarboxylation**
Examples:
* Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSI)
* Simmons Citrate Agar (SCA)
* Lysine Iron Agar (LIA)
* Phenylalanine Agar (PA)
BIOCHEMICAL MEDIUM
69
It is used to **differentiate** between organisms that produce **large** amounts of **acid** and organisms that only produce n**eutral content (acetoin)**
METHYL RED VOGUES PROSKAUER
70
**Tests** for the **ability** of bacteria to **convert citrate into oxaloacetate**.
SIMMON CITRATE AGAR
71
Used to study either **stimulation** or **inhibition of growth** in **response** to a substance **(vitamins/antibiotics)** **present** in the sample.
Examples:
Mueller Hinton Agar – antibiotic sensitivity assay
ASSAY MEDIUM
72
A culture medium can be:
PLATED
TUBED
73
it is a process of **implanting** microbes or infectious materials **onto culture media**.
INOCULATION
74
inoculation by **streaking**
PLATED MEDIA
75
# TUBED MEDIUM
**stabbing**
BUTT
76
# TUBED MEDIUM
**streaking**
SLANT
76
# TUBED MEDIUM
stabbing – streaking
BUTT SLANT
77
# TUBED MEDIUM
**shaking off** the specimen
LIQUID
78
It refers to the **growth** of **cells** of the **same species** in the laboratory.
PURE CULTURE
79
The **visible mass** of growth, representing a **single organism** that has **multiplied several times**.
COLONY
80
# BIOMEDICAL WASTE BAGS
**infectious wastes**, bandage, gauzes, cotton, or any other objects **in contact with body fluids**, **human body parts** or **placenta**
YELLOW
81
# BIOMEDICAL WASTE BAGS
**plastic waste** such as catheters, injection syringes, tubing, or plastic bottles
RED
82
# BIOMEDICAL WASTE BAGS
**all types of glass bottles** and broken glass articles, **outdated** and **discarded** medicines
BLUE/WHITE
83
# BIOMEDICAL WASTE BAGS
needles **without** syringes, blades, sharps, and **all metal articles**
BLACK
84
benzalkonium chloride
ZEPHIRAN
85
Phenols
LYSOL
86
Vaccines
8 CONSECUTIVE DAYS
87
Mercury, Silver nitrate, Selenium sulfide
HEAVY METALS
88
alkylation of protein and dna
FORMALIN
89
Criteria that must be **considered** when choosing chemical agents
PRICE OF DISINFECTANT
90
**introduced** the practice of **handwashing** with **chlorinated lime** solution while working in a obstetrical clinic
IGNAZ PHILIPP SEMMELWEIS
91
the single **most important** and **most basic technique** in **preventing** and **controlling** **infections** and **preventing transmission** of pathogens.
HANDWASHING
92
occurs when there is an **imbalance** on the body’s response to chemicals thus triggers changes that might **damage** any **organs** in our body.
SEPSIS
93
substances applied to **tissues** of the body to **stop** the **growth** or **kill microorganisms** to **prevent infection**.
ANTISEPTICS
