M2 Structural Organization of the Body Flashcards
(46 cards)
anabolism
Process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino
acids.
Ana- means up, bol means to cast, and -ism is a process.
catabolism
Process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances
and energy is released.
Cata- means down, bol means to cast, and -ism is a process.
cell membrane
Structure surrounding and protecting the cell.
Determines what enters and leaves the cell.
chromosomes
rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called
genes.
There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes.
cytoplasm
All of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane.
DNA
Chemical found within each chromosome.
Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell
endoplasmic
reticulum
Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell.
Here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.
genes
Regions of DNA within each chromosome.
karyotype
Picture (classification) of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell.
The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.
metabolism
Total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism.
Meta- means change, bol means to cast, and -ism means a process.
mitochondria
Rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy for the cell.
Catabolism is the process that occurs in mitochondria.
nucleus
Control center of the cell.
It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.
digestive system
mouth, pharynx esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
urinary/excretory system
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
respiratory system
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs
reproductive system
Female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands
Male: testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland
endocrine system
thyroid gland, pituitary gland, sex glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, parathyroid glands
nervous system
brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collection of nerves
circulatory system
heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland
musculoskeletal system
muscles, bones, and joints
skin and sense organs system
skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous (oil) glands, eye, ear, nose, and tongue
adipose tissue
collection of fat cells
cartilage
flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints
epithelial cells
skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs
