M3C Respiratory Pathology

Question 1

auscultation

Answer 1

listening to sounds within the body

Question 2

perucussion

Answer 2

tapping on a surface to determine the difference in density of the underlying structure

Question 3

pleural rub

Answer 3

scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

Question 4

rales (crackles)

Answer 4

fine crackling sounds
heard on auscultation during inhalation
when there is fluid in the alveoli

Question 5

rhonchus (pl: rhonchi)

Answer 5

loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum

Question 6

sputum

Answer 6

material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting

Question 7

stridor

Answer 7

strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx

Question 8

wheezes

Answer 8

continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing

Question 9

croup

Answer 9

acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor

Question 10

diphtheria

Answer 10

acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium

Question 11

epistaxis

Answer 11

nosebleed

Question 12

pertussis

Answer 12

whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis

Question 13

asthma

Answer 13

chronic inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial and bronchiolar edema and constriction

Question 14

bronchiectasis

Answer 14

chronic dilation of a bronchus, usually secondary to infection

Question 15

chronic bronchitis

Answer 15

inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Question 16

cystic fibrosis

Answer 16

inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally

Question 17

atelectasis

Answer 17

collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli

Question 18

emphysema

Answer 18

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

Question 19

lung cancer

Answer 19

malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi

Question 20

pneumoconiosis

Answer 20

abnormal lung condition caused by exposure to certain dusts; with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis

Question 21

pneumonia

Answer 21

acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fills with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction

Question 22

pulmonary abscess

Answer 22

large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs

Question 23

pulmonary edema

Answer 23

fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

Question 24

pulmonary embolism (PE)

Answer 24

clot or material lodges in vessels of the lung

Question 25

pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 25

formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs

Question 26

sarcoidosis

Answer 26

chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs

Question 27

tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 27

infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected

Question 28

mesothelioma

Answer 28

rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura

Question 29

pleural effusion

Answer 29

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity

Question 30

pleurisy (pleuritis)

Answer 30

inflammation of the pleura

Question 31

pneumothorax

Answer 31

collection of air in the pleural space

Question 32

anthracosis

Answer 32

coal dust accumulates in the lungs

Question 33

asbestosis

Answer 33

asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs

Question 34

bacilli

Answer 34

rod-shape bacteria

Question 35

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer 35

chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs

Question 36

cor pulmonale

Answer 36

failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of underlying lung disease

Question 37

exudates

Answer 37

fluid, cells, and other substances that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or other areas of inflammation

Question 38

inflitrate

Answer 38

collection of fluid or other material within the lung, as seen on a chest film, CT scan, or other radiologic image

Question 39

palliative

Answer 39

relieving symptoms but not curing the disease

Question 40

paroxysmal

Answer 40

pertaining to a sudden occurrence such as a spasm or seizure

Question 41

pulmonary infraction

Answer 41

area of necrosis (death of lung tissue)

Question 42

purulent

Answer 42

containing pus

Question 43

silicosis

Answer 43

disease due to silica or glass dust in the lungs