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OMM Final Exam Jason > M2T1 OMM Final > Flashcards

M2T1 OMM Final Flashcards

1
Q

For Zink patterns, name the associated dysfunction for each level:

OA:
C2-C6:
T1-T5:
T6-T12:
L1-L2:
L3-L5:
Left innominate:
A 
OA: F SR RL
C2-C6: F SR RR
T1-T5: N SL RR
T6-T12: N SR RL
L1-L2: N SR RL
L3-L5: N SL RR
Left innominate: posterior

(note: the normal Zink pattern is left, right, left, right for the OA, CT, TL, LS junctions, respectively)

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2
Q

Physiological locking occurs when ________ (number) motions have been introduced.

A

Three

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3
Q

PRP aids in healing by releasing ________ of which the two main ones are ________ and ________.

A

Growth factor, PDGF, TGF-β

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4
Q

What two axes are mainly involved in sacral dysfunctions?

A

Oblique and transverse

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5
Q

If a patient asks what exercises will help them with their pain and function, you would tell them that ________ and ________ are best.

A

Stretching, strengthening

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6
Q

Good exercises for core strengthening include ________, ________, ________ and ________.

A

Planks, quadruped, bridges, clamshells

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7
Q

When instructing a patient to do exercises for musculoskeletal pain, what aspect is critical on your part?

A

Supervision

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8
Q

Instability can result from ________ of the facet joints or ________ of the intervertebral disc.

A

Capsular laxity, internal disruption

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9
Q

The most common benign tumor of the spine is called a ________.

A

Osteoid osteoma

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10
Q

Hypersympathetic tone to the uterus can lead to ________.

A

Dysrhythmic ineffective contractions

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11
Q

Contraindications for prolotherapy and PRP include:

A

Metastatic cancerNon-musculoskeletal painSpinal anatomical defectsSystemic inflammationMorbid obesityBleeding disorders Low pain thresholdWhole body painHepatic disorders

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12
Q

MRIs are used mainly to evaluate ________ and ________ associated with spinal column trauma.

A

Ligaments, soft tissues

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13
Q

Bone scans are typically followed by a ________ or a ________ to characterize lesions found.

A

CT, MRI

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14
Q

With unilateral or bilateral sacral extension or flexion, you _______ predict the motion of L5.

A

CANNOT

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15
Q

The ________ is the most important core muscle to strengthen.

A

Transversus abdominus

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16
Q

Unlike in psoas dysfunction, the pelvis shifts ________ the symptomatic side (long leg side) in short leg syndrome.

A

Towards

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17
Q

On a T2 MRI, a dark disc usually means the disc is ________.

A

Dehydrated

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18
Q

________ is used to treat relaxed or incompetent connective tissue (ligaments, veins, etc.) by inducing the formation of new fibro-elastic connective tissue.

A

Prolotherapy

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19
Q

________ is the hydrostatic skeleton of support of the body, and together with bones and joints are organized into a ________ format.

A

Fascia, tensegritous

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20
Q

Symptoms that are related to increased volume include ________, ________, ________, ________, and ________.

A

Edema, headache, GERD, constipation, varicosities

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21
Q

A chronic inflammatory arthritis that can affect the SI joints and hips and is usually seen in people in their early 20’s is known as ________.

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

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22
Q 
With shooting pain or weakness in the low back, differential diagnoses fort the peripheral nervous system should include:
Anterior horn cell - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Axon/myelin - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Root - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Plexus - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
NMJ - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

ALS (presents in vesiculations on the tongue in a 25 y/o)
Guillane Barre
Radiculopathy
Traumatic plexopathy
Myasthenia gravis, Lambert Eaton syndrome
Peripheral nerve
Muscle, bone, tendon, ligament

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23
Q

What treatment is generally good to try initially for a psoas dysfunction?

A

Counterstrain (AL1, AL2)

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24
Q

In an older patient with progressive low back pain (over the course of weeks), weight loss, and decreased appetite, you should be concerned about ________.

A

Spinal metastasis

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25
Q

What should you treat when someone has a UTI?

A

The pubes (pubic shears are linked to urinary function problems)

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26
Q

Sacral motion is defined by motion of ________ (sacral level).

A

S1 (the top)

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27
Q

Good OMM techniques to alleviate symptoms generated from increased volume in pregnancy are ________, ________, and ________.

A

Lymphatic pumps, myofascial release, release of diaphragms

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28
Q

Which pelvic floor muscles are responsible for ejecting a bolus of feces?

A

Pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus

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29
Q

One of the earliest responses to musculoskeletal pain is change in ________.

A

Muscle tone (use it or lose it)

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30
Q

What fascia interconnects all areas of the body?

A

Thoracolumbar fascia

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31
Q

Pain does not always tell you where the dysfunction is. Often times it will present at areas of ________ and not the restricted area.

A

Hypermobility

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32
Q

The final complication of the degenerative cascade is one level stenosis which may progress to multilevel. This can occur if the facet joints undergo ________ or if the intervertebral disc develop ________.

A

Enlargement of the articular processes, osteophytes

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33
Q

On palpatory examination, ________ movements should be used.

A

Slow sweeping

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34
Q

Lumbar radiculitis in younger patients is usually due to ________ and due to _______ in older patients.

A

Disk protrusion, osteophytes (or other degenerative changes)

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35
Q

In the designation “L/R”, the L informs you of ________ and the R informs you of the ________.

A

Rotation of the sacrum, axis

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36
Q

What is the treatment sequence for UTIs?

A

1) thoracolumbar junction2) diaphragm redome or psoas counterstrain3) immune pump

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37
Q

Progressive lower back pain in an older patient that also affects the calfs bilaterally and is relieved by leaning forward is most likely ________.

A

Lumbar spinal stenosis

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38
Q

Regional range of motion is used to determine where the ________ restriction occurs.

A

Greatest

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39
Q

Ossification of the ________ in the lumbar spine can result in syndesmophytes and is called “bamboo spine” in ankylosing spondylosis.

A

Annulus fibrosus

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40
Q

Prolotherapy injections are typically composed of ________ and ________.

A

Lidocaine, 50% dextrose

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41
Q

With shooting pain or weakness in the low back, differential diagnoses fort the central nervous system should include ________ for the brain and ________ for the spinal cord.

A

MS, myelopathy

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42
Q

For chronic low back pain, the most important muscles to strengthen are the ________ muscles.

A

Core

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43
Q

The sacrum naturally ________ in the sphinx position, and therefore will make anterior torsions more ________.

A

Flexes, symmetrical

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44
Q

When treating unilateral or bilateral flexion or extension, the type of muscle energy you use is ________.

A

Respiratory assist

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45
Q

In a patient that has lower back pain (consolidated to one side) that gets worse throughout the day and with prolonged standing, is relieved by rest, and has no other issues, you should be thinking about a ________.

A

Short lower extremity

46
Q

Pain is usually located where the body is attempting to ________ and not at the area of greatest restriction.

A

Compensate

47
Q

Regional and intersegmental motion evaluations are the most important ________ test for somatic dysfunction.

A

Functional

48
Q

Physiologic motion will demonstrate “spring” at the lumbosacral junction and therefore will have a ________ lumbosacral spring test.

A

Negative

49
Q

An increased lumbar lordosis can ________ the pelvic floor.

A

Flatten

50
Q

________ and ________ are more sensitive than plain film for detecting infection, cancer, disc pathology, and spinal stenosis.

A

CT, MRI

51
Q

Shopping cart sign or “Wal-Mart” sign is associated with ________.

A

Lumbar spinal stenosis (flexing the spine opens the vertebral canal)

52
Q

One fo the most common injection sites of prolotherapy is at the ________ ligament and ligaments of the ________ and ________.

A

Iliolumbar, shoulder, ankle

53
Q

The ________, ________, and ________ are key muscles to stretch.

A

Pectoralis, hamstrings, iliopsoas

54
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the GU system drains into the ________.

A

Left thoracic duct

55
Q

The foramina for which the sacral plexus exits are ________ (between or in line with) segments (S1, S2, etc.) ?

A

Between

56
Q

The biomechanical model focuses mainly on the presentation of ________ in a pregnant patient.

A

Musculoskeletal pain

57
Q

Due to posterior torsions having non-physiologic motion, L5 will display ________ mechanics.

A

Type II

58
Q

What is the treatment sequence for ureterolithiasis?

A

1) thoracolumbar inhibition - sacral rock combo2) psoas counterstrain3) OA-C2 indirect

59
Q

The degenerative cascade includes the following: dysfunction leading to ________, which then causes instability leading to ________, which can lead to one level stenosis, which may progress to ________.

A

Herniation, lateral nerve entrapment, multilevel spondylosis and stenosis

60
Q

Intradiscal pressure is highest in what position?

A

Seated, bending forward, lifting weight

61
Q

Low back pain could potentially arise from cervical dysfunction due to tension on the ________, which runs from the skull to the sacrum.

A

Dura

62
Q

With a dysfunctional psoas, hypermobility will develop between the ________ and ________ vertebral levels.

A

L5, S1

63
Q

Facilitated segments should be treated ________.

A

First (note: I’m not sure if they should be treated before non-physiologic dysfunctions. Facilitated segments may be non-physiologic)

64
Q

What are some of the red flags when taking a functional history?

A

Gait ataxia, upper motor neuron signs, night pain/weight loss, cooler lower limbs/feet

65
Q

L5 and S1 always rotate in the ________ direction.

A

Opposite

66
Q

A patient with lumbar spinal stenosis can present with ________ which is characterized by leg pain during ambulation that improves with rest and my include numbness and pain radiating to the foot.

A

Pseudoclaudication

67
Q

A good way to measure patient improvement is to see if they have cut down on their use of ________.

A

Pain medications

68
Q

A collar on the Scotty dog is indicative of a ________.

A

Pars interarticularis defect

69
Q

Prolotherapy ideally induces a proliferative response at the ________.

A

Enthesis

70
Q

When percussing musculature, higher pitches equate to areas of ________ tension.

A

Increased (tighter muscles)

71
Q

Pain that is described as shooting, burning, or pins and needles is usually descriptive of a ________ problem.

A

Neurologic

72
Q

Referred pain from the bladder can present near the ________.

A

Sacrum (gluteal fold area)

73
Q

Anterior torsions have physiologic motion and therefore, the two diagnoses they can have are ________ or ________.

A

L/L, R/R

74
Q

Imbalance of the autonomics in various organs can be balanced using ________ and ________.

A

Rib raising, OA release (or OM release/sacral rock)

75
Q

If any of the vertebrae are affected with a psoas dysfunction, they are usually flexed with their rotation and sidebending ________ the side of the tight psoas.

A

Towards

76
Q

CT is most useful for diagnosing spinal column injury at the ________ junction.

A

Thoracolumbar

77
Q

Ossification along the anterior longitudinal ligament of the thoracic and lumbar spine is typically seen in ________.

A

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis

78
Q

After prolotherapy or PRP, a patient cannot take ________ to help with the pain.

A

NSAIDs

79
Q

When treating an anterior torsion, the types of muscle energy used are ________ for the top leg and ________ for the bottom leg.

A

RI, PIR

80
Q

Referred pain from ________ is one of the most common things that presents with low back pain.

A

Hip osteoarthritis

81
Q

Hyperparasympathetic tone to the uterus can cause ________.

A

Vascular congestion

82
Q

Each transverse axis is related to a specific function. The superior is related to ________, the middle is related to ________, and the inferior is retaliated to ________.

A

Respiration, posture, iliosacral motion

83
Q

Complications of prolotherapy and PRP include:

A

Vascular or neurologic injectionPneumothoraxInfectionPersisting symptoms

84
Q

Numerous white densities of similar size seen throughout bone is a genetic condition called ________.

A

Osteopoikilosis

85
Q

An imaging test that utilizes radioactive substance and deposits in areas of high bone turnover is known as a ________.

A

Bone scan

86
Q

The axis is always ________ of the restricted side.

A

Opposite

87
Q

You happen to walk in on a physician treating a patient for sacral somatic dysfunction. You see the patient lying on their right side with their chest on the table and the physician is pushing their ankles down. What is the diagnosis? What is the motion of L5?

A

R/R anterior torsion, N SR RL

88
Q

When exercising, strengthening, and stretching muscles, they must be worked in ________ planes.

A

All three

89
Q

If the sacral sulcus and inferior lateral angle on the same side are both depressed or protruding (relative to the other side) the diagnosis is a _______.

A

Torsion

90
Q

The key dysfunction is designated as the area with the ________.

A

Greatest restriction

91
Q

A nerve root cyst commonly found in the sacral nerve roots is known as a _______ cyst.

A

Tarlov

92
Q

The center of L3’s vertebral body should line up within 2-3 mm of the ________.

A

Sacral promontory

93
Q

Differential diagnosis for shooting pain or weakness in the low back should include ________ and ________ nervous systems.

A

Central, peripheral

94
Q

Sciatica (versus S1 radiculitis) typically is located in the posterior thigh and does not ________.

A

Radiate

95
Q

When treating the area of greatest restriction, ________ dysfunctions should be treated first if both types of dysfunctions are present.

A

Non-physiologic

96
Q

Acute pain is carried on ________ fibers and chronic pain is carried on ________ fibers.

A

Aδ, C

97
Q

If a physician was treating a patient in the prone position, had the base of their hand evenly distributed over the bottom of the sacrum, and was resisting the motion produced upon the patient’s exhalation, what would they be treating?

A

Bilateral sacral flexion

98
Q

Dysfunction (in the degenerative cascade) can either be caused by ________ of the facet joints or ________ of the intervertebral disc.

A

Synovitis hypomobility, circumferential tears

99
Q

The key rib in an inhalation dysfunction is the ________ of the group.

A

Lowest

100
Q

Sympathetic stimulation of the bladder causes it to ________ urine, whereas parasympathetic stimulation causes it to ________ it.

A

Store, expel

101
Q

The number one cause of referred pain to the perineal region is the ________ muscles.

A

Levator ani

102
Q

In a psoas muscle dysfunction, the pelvis will shift ________ from the side of the dysfunctional muscle.

A

Away

103
Q

If the facet joints have become so lax that they subluxate, ________ may occur. Likewise, this may occur if the intervertebral disc undergoes ________.

A

Lateral nerve entrapment, disc resorption

104
Q

The most common cause of lumbar spinal stenosis is ________.

A

Disk degeneration (which is why its seen in older patients)

105
Q

What are the two axes that a unilateral flexion or extension could pivot around?

A

Transverse or vertical

106
Q

Generally, contraindications to OMM in pregnancy are serious complications. These include (8 total):

A

Ectopic pregnancyPlacental abruptionDVTHTN (preeclampsia)Preterm laborUnstable vitalsFetal distressUndiagnosed vaginal bleeding

107
Q

When prescribing exercise, the patient should work out ________ days a week and for at least ________ mins.

A

5, 30-60

108
Q

The respiratory/circulatory model mainly focuses on hematologic and lymphatic changes due to the ________ in volume during pregnancy.

A

Increase

109
Q

What are the four dynamic tests that are used to diagnosis SI joint motion and which two always need to be done together?

A

ASIS compression, Passive SI joint motion (prone jiggle), Standing flexion, Seated flexionStanding and seated flexion

110
Q

Continuing degeneration of facet joints or radial tears can cause ________.

A

Herniation

111
Q

The sympathetics for the kidney, ovaries, testes, upper ureters, and adrenal glands come from ________.

A

T10-T11

112
Q

Pain that is sharp, burning, and radiates from the buttock to the posterior thigh, posteriolateral leg, and lateral foot is indicative of ________.

A

Lumbar disk protrusion (causing lumbar radiculitis at S1)

OMM Final Exam Jason (12 decks)

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