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OMM Final Exam Jason > M2T2 OMM Midterm > Flashcards

M2T2 OMM Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

The median nerve innervates the majority of the ________ antebrachium and the majority of the ________. Injury can cause issues with ________.

A

Anterior, thumb, grasping

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2
Q

The final step of Still technique consists of taking the joint through an ________ of motion to where the restriction barrier had been.

A

Arc

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3
Q

A good approach for a whiplash patient is:________________________

A

Suboccipital releaseAddress upper thoracic and rib dysfunctionsAddress cervical dysfunctions

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4
Q

Neurologic thoracic outlet syndrome typically presents with ________ paresthesia due to involvement of the lower brachial plexus.

A

Ulnar

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5
Q

Clinical testing of C5:Motor: ________Reflex: ________

A

DeltoidBiceps tendon

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6
Q

The second most common source of cervicogenic headaches is the ________joint.

A

Atlantoaxial (AA)

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7
Q

The sphenopalatine ganglion (via other nerve pathways) is responsible for innervating ________ gland and the ________.

A

Lacrimal, nasal mucosa

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8
Q

The most frequent source of cervicogenic headaches is the ________ zygopophyseal joint.

A

C2/C3

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9
Q

Lumbar facet syndrome is a common source of low back pain is is generally caused by facet ________.

A

Arthropathy

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10
Q

Red flags for headaches:“Thunderclap” headache or “worst headache of my life” = ________Acute neck pain with Horner syndrome = ________Fever, altered mental status, and +/- nuchal rigidity = ________Headache with focal neurologic deficit, or papilledema = ________Headache with visual impairment, periorbital pain, or ophthalmoplegia = ________Headache secondary to head trauma = ________

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhageCervical artery dissectionMeningitis/encephalitisIncreased intracranial pressureAcute angle closure glaucomaEpidural/subdural hematoma

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11
Q

FPR is an ________ technique with the patient remaining ________ throughout.

A

Indirect, passive

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12
Q

Common causes of referred ear pain are ________, ________, ________, ________, and ________.

A

TMJ disorder, dental causes, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, temporal arthritis, Ramsay Hunt syndrome (herpes zoster oticus)

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13
Q

Still technique is described as ________ and then ________.

A

Indirect, direct

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14
Q

________ was the PCOM alumnus who developed the facilitated positional release technique.

A

Stanley Schiowitz

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15
Q

Even when a somatic dysfunction in the cervical region is extended, the cervical lordosis still needs to be _______ in order to reach neutral when utilizing FPR.

A

Flexed

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16
Q

________ is the traditional “gold standard” for the diagnosis of foraminal compression.

A

CT myelography

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17
Q

The two major ways in which nerve root impingement can occur is via ________ and ________.

A

Disc herniation, osteophyte formation (spondylosis)

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18
Q

Radiculopathy, specifically cervical, can be due to either of two mechanisms: ________ or ________.

A

Spondylosis, disc herniation

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19
Q

There is NO male predominance in ________, unlike cluster headaches.

A

Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania

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20
Q

Ulnar nerve entrapment can occur at the level of the elbow in the ________ tunnel or at the level of the wrist in ________ canal.

A

Cubital, Guyon’s

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21
Q

The imaging tests ordered for cervical myelopathy are ________ and ________.

A

MRI, X-ray

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22
Q

A few of the contraindications to FPR are ________, ________, ________, ________, ________, and ________.

A

Joint instability, herniated disc, intervertebral foraminal stenosis, severe sprains/strains, congenital anomalies, vertebrobasilar insufficiency

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23
Q

The most common level of nerve root impingement in the neck is ________.

A

C5-C6

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24
Q

Radiculitis is almost always associated with ________ and usually resolves with conservative intervention within ________.

A

Pain, 1 month

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25
Q

The cubital tunnel is located posterior to the ________ epicondyle.

A

Medial

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26
Q

One of the best therapies for cluster headaches is ________ therapy.

A

Oxygen

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27
Q

________ is an itching below the scapula that may include pain, paresthesia, hyperesthesia, and hyperpigmentation.

A

Notalgia paresthetica

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28
Q

Migraines are thought to be due to a release of ________ molecules that lead to vasodilation of intracranial arteries, which in turn triggers nociceptive fibers.

A

Pro-inflammatory

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29
Q

An anatomical structure that is considered in Osteopathic treatment of cluster headaches is the ________.

A

Sphenopalatine ganglion

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30
Q

________ rediscovered Still’s techniques and revamped them.

A

Richard L. Van Buskirk

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31
Q

Anterior thigh pain is commonly caused by ________ dysfunction or irritation of the ________.

A

Psoas, lumbar plexus

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32
Q

Treatments for tension-type headaches include ________ and ________, and are generally conservative.

A

Lifestyle changes, home exercises/stretching

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33
Q

The true facilitation of FPR comes at the end with a on and off ________ or “jiggle”. This last step was initially withheld by Schiowitz.

A

Articulatory motion

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34
Q

Common fibular nerve entrapment can cause ________ (motor).

A

Foot drop

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35
Q

In Still technique, It is common for the dysfunction to be corrected ________ meeting the barrier.

A

Before

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36
Q

The Spurling maneuver has a high ________ for cervical radiculopathy, but a low ________.

A

Specificity, sensitivity

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37
Q

The largest contribution to the sphenopalatine ganglion is the ________ root, which comes mainly from the ________ nerve.

A

Parasympathetic, greater petrosal

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38
Q

________ and ________ is indicated when localizing signs and symptoms suggest a nerve root injury or symptoms are persistent.

A

Neuroimaging, electrodiagnostic testing

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39
Q

The anatomical locus for cervicogenic headaches is the ________ in the upper cervical spinal cord.

A

Trigeminocervical nucleus

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40
Q

One of the biggest triggers for migraines is ________.

A

Emotional stress

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41
Q

In cubital tunnel syndrome, tingling and numbness can be felt in the ________ and ________ fingers.

A

Little, ring

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42
Q

Clinical testing of T1:Motor: ________Reflex: ________

A

InterosseiNone

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43
Q

The throbbing during a migraine is due to ________.

A

Pulsation of arteries

44
Q

The radial nerve innervates the ________ of the brachium and antebrachium and may be injured in a ________ fracture of the humerus or improper use of ________.

A

Extensors, mid shaft, crutches

45
Q

A nerve commonly affected in tension-type headaches is the ________.

A

Greater occipital nerve

46
Q

A common comorbidity with upper crossed syndrome is ________.

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome (especially lower brachial plexus)

47
Q

In ulnar tunnel syndrome, tingling will be felt in the little and ring fingers, however, sensation to the ________ is preserved.

A

Dorsal hand

48
Q

The ulnar nerve innervates the majority of the ________ muscles. Injury can cause a characteristic ________ and ________.

A

Hand, clawing, guttering

49
Q

Clinical testing of C8:Motor: ________Reflex: ________

A

Finger flexionNone

50
Q

________ consists of radiating symptoms due to compression of a nerve root.

A

Radiculopathy

51
Q

A clinically applicable way to define radiculitis and radiculopathy is the following:________ = sensory involvement of a nerve________ = loss of function

A

Radiculitis, radiculopathy

52
Q

Clinical testing of C6:Motor: ________Reflex: ________

A

Wrist extensionBrachioradialis

53
Q

Which muscles are phasically inhibited in upper crossed syndrome?

A

Middle/lower trapezius, serratus anterior, rhomboids, supraspinatous, infraspinatous, deep neck flexors

54
Q

The number one treatment for migraines is ________.

A

Avoidance of triggers

55
Q

Diagnosis of radiculopathy is usually confirmed by ________.

A

Needle electromyography (EMG)

56
Q

A common cause of radial nerve dysfunction is the improper use of ________.

A

Crutches

57
Q

________ can also be used as an activating force in Still technique. Especially in the cervical spine.

A

Traction

58
Q

The ________ test is performed by extending and rotating the neck towards the symptomatic side.

A

Spurling

59
Q

A good OMT technique for nerve root compression is _______.

A

Suboccipital traction

60
Q

The second step of FPR is to apply an ________. This can be ________ or ________.

A

Activating force, compression (usually), traction (rarely)

61
Q

There are a number of osteopathic considerations for the cause of migraines. They are:________ (causes vasoconstriction and decreased cerebral blood flow)________ (causing a nerve reflex to the trigeminal spinal nucleus)________ (causing pressure on the dura and trigeminal neve)________ (compromising the middle meningeal artery)________ (causing reflex vasodilation of the internal and external carotids)________ (causing decreased venous drainage through the jugular foramen)

A

Increased sympatheticsC1-C3 somatic dysfunctionElevated sphenoid bone (greater wing)Sphenosquamous compressionTemporal bone somatic dysfunctionOccipitomastoid compression

62
Q

Clinical testing of C7:Motor: ________Reflex: ________

A

Wrist flexionTriceps tendon

63
Q

The upper thoracics and associated rib dysfunctions are commonly associated with _______.

A

Nerve root compression

64
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment due to obesity, heavy utility belts, or tight pants can cause ________.

A

Meralgia paresthetica

65
Q

The ________ cervical roots are most frequently affected by compression.

A

Lower (C7)

66
Q

Common fibular (peroneal) nerve entrapment can occur due to its shallow course over the neck of the ________.

A

Fibula

67
Q

Inter-scapular pain with cervical radiculitis is due to a ________ reflex set up by the radiculitis.

A

Somatosomatic

68
Q

The ________ test is performed by flicking the dorsal surface of the middle finger.

A

Hoffmann

69
Q

The intersection of the ________ and the ________ sensory pathways allows for bidirectional transmission of pain signals between the neck and the face/head.

A

Upper cervical, trigeminal

70
Q

________ is cervical spinal cord pathology causing dysfunction.

A

Cervical myelopathy

71
Q

________ sign is an involuntary flexion of the the fingers, especially the thumb, after flicking the middle finger’s DIP.

A

Hoffmann’s

72
Q

The two main causes of non-compressive radiculopathy are ________ and ________

A

Diabetes, herpes zoster

73
Q

The Spurling test is performed by placing the patients neck in ________ and ________ towards the affected side.

A

Extension, sidebending

74
Q

Which muscles are tonically facilitated in upper crossed syndrome?

A

Pectorals, upper trapezius, levator scapulae

75
Q

Due to OMT being indicated for facet-mediated pain and myofascial pain, it is very useful for treating ________ headaches.

A

Cervicogenic

76
Q

Ulnar tunnel syndrome is commonly seen in ________ due to constant pressure on the wrist.

A

Cyclists

77
Q

Headaches that are non-throbbing, with tightness in a “band-like” distribution around the head are classified as ________.

A

Tension-type

78
Q

_______ tunnel syndrome can be caused by ankle sprain edema, pes planus, cyst, or bone spur and affects the ________ nerve.

A

Tarsal, tibial

79
Q

The first step of Still technique is to put the joint into its ________.

A

Ease

80
Q

The first step of FPR is to ________.

A

Flatten the curve (put into neutral)

81
Q

Unlike tension-type headaches, ________ headaches are unilateral and are typically a result of articular dysfunction.

A

Cervicogenic

82
Q

The second step of Still technique is to apply a ________ force at a right angle to the plane of restriction.

A

Compressive

83
Q

The axillary nerve innervates the _______ and the _______ and may be injured in a ________ fracture of the humerus.

A

Deltoid, teres minor, surgical neck

84
Q

Although imaging studies help with diagnosis of radiculopathy, it can be a ________ diagnosis.

A

Clinical

85
Q

“Release of somatic dysfunction with the use of a sustained low amplitude off-axis force vector as a 3D rotation lever” describes what technique?

A

Still

86
Q

Cervical myelopathy will generally present with _______ motor neuron symptoms.

A

Upper

87
Q

In Still technique, the vector of force applied must be directed through the ________.

A

Dysfunction

88
Q

________ is a disease process in which nerve root dysfunction is due to compression of a nerve root. It can result in sensory changes, motor changes, or ________.

A

Radiculopathy, both

89
Q

________ is the current imaging study of choice for initial evaluation of the cervical spine.

A

MRI

90
Q

________ is a disease process causing inflammation of a spinal nerve root. It generally results in ________ changes.

A

Radiculitis, sensory

91
Q

Upper medial scapular pain is commonly found with ________.

A

Nerve root impingement

92
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve innervates the ________ compartment of the brachium and innervates skin on the ________ antebrachium.

A

Anterior, anterolateral

93
Q

Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania can be differentiated from cluster headaches in that it responds absolutely to ________, whereas cluster headaches do not.

A

Indomethacin

94
Q

The major causes of cervical myelopathy are ________ and ________.

A

Spinal stenosis, herniated discs

95
Q

Lumbar facet syndrome pain can be ________ or it can be referred along its related ________.

A

Paraspinal, sclerotomes

96
Q

Most people with radiculitis state that the pain ________ diminishes.

A

Never completely

97
Q

The second most common level of nerve root impingement in the neck is ________.

A

C6-C7

98
Q

Unlike radiculitis, which is almost always ________, radiculopathy can be ________.

A

Painful, Painless

99
Q

Lateral foot pain may be due to ________ and is usually caused by ________ or ________.

A

S1 radiculitis, radiculopathy, herpes zoster

100
Q

________ nerve dysfunction will typically present with pain or numbness in the dorsal thumb, index and middle fingers.

A

Radial

101
Q

________ consists of radiating symptoms due to nerve root irritation.

A

Radiculitis

102
Q

In Still technique, the patients limbs are used as ________ for articulation and for introduction of a compressive force.

A

Levers

103
Q

FPR is best utilized for ________ somatic dysfunction, although Schiowitz claims it can also be used for abnormal ________.

A

Articular, muscle tension

104
Q

Tension type headaches may be due to biomechanical issues. In particular is ________, which is commonly seen in students and office workers.

A

Upper cross syndrome

105
Q

Swollen or droopy eye, miosis, reddened conjunctiva, tearing, and nasal discharge/congestion are all symptoms of a ________ headache.

A

Cluster

106
Q

The activation position in FPR is held for ________ and then a very quick oscillating movement is added (the true facilitation).

A

3-5 seconds

OMM Final Exam Jason (12 decks)

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