M5 | MASSAGE Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
- manipulation is involved
- manipualtive musculoskeletal, muscles, joints, fascia, lymph tissue
- GOAL: alleviate or relieve symptoms or eliminating the source
A
MANIPULATIVE AND BODY-BASED THERAPY
2
Q
Manipulative and Body-Based therapy is also known as
A
Manual / Manipulative body-based methods
3
Q
MASSAGE is derived from 2 sources:
ARABIC verb
A
mass - to touch
4
Q
MASSAGE is derived from 2 sources:
GREEK word
A
massein - to knead
5
Q
MASSAGE THERAPY
were known to practice massage therapy
A
Egyptians, Romans, Japanese, Persians, & Chinese
6
Q
MASSAGE THERAPY
massage is founded in ____
A
SWEDEN - early 19th century
7
Q
MASSAGE THERAPY
- acknowledged founder of curative gymnastics
- appears to be the founder of modern-day massage techniques, incorporated with French massage techniques
A
PETER LING
8
Q
MASSAGE THERAPY
techniques have changed dramatically in the past ____
A
50years
9
Q
MASSAGE THERAPY
- developed a system of massage
- Effleurage, petrissage, tapotement, vibration
- massage BEGINS and ENDS with effleurage
A
ALBERT HOFFA (1859c- 1907)
10
Q
MASSAGE THERAPY
- introduced two categories of effects of massage
- Mechanical effects, Reflexive effects
A
JAMES MENNELL (1880-1957)
11
Q
MASSAGE THERAPY
JAMES MENNELL:
DIRECT effects of massage application
A
MECHANICAL EFFECTS
12
Q
MASSAGE THERAPY
JAMES MENNELL:
INDIRECT effects and occurs via NERVOUS SYSTEM
A
REFLEXIVE EFFECTS
13
Q
A
14
Q
MASSAGE THERAPY
- introduced massaged technique called SOFT TISSUE massage technique
A
GERTRUDE BEARD (1887-1971)
15
Q
MASSAGE THERAPY
in the late 1980ās, ____ was organized
A
AMER MASSAGE THERAPY ASSOCIATION
16
Q
MASSAGE THERAPY
1992 ____ was formed
A
NATIONAL CERTIFICATION EXAM FOR THERAPEUTIC MASSAGE & BODYWORK
17
Q
therapeutic manipulation of the SOFT TISSUES (musculoskeletal) of the body used to achieve normalization
A
MASSAGE
18
Q
can be defined also as an act of rubbing, kneading, or stroking the superficial parts of the body for the purpose of modifying nutrition, restoring power of movement or breaking down adhesions
A
MASSAGE
19
Q
MASSAGE THERAPY
can be indicated or contraindicated with massage
A
EDEMA
20
Q
MASSAGE THERAPY | INDICATIONS
by pushing excessive fluid out of the body
A
CHRONIC edema
21
Q
MASSAGE THERAPY | INDICATIONS
LOWER the stress hormone (cortisol)
A
anxiety and depression
22
Q
MASSAGE THERAPY | INDICATIONS
clear mucus in the lungs and assist in breathing
A
respiratory problems
23
Q
MASSAGE THERAPY | INDICATIONS
by doing abdominal massage
A
chronic constipation
24
Q
MASSAGE THERAPY | CONTRAINDICATIONS
there is skin-to-skin contact
A
skin disorders and infections
25
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | CONTRAINDICATIONS**
* still **no** evidence to prove
* may **metastasize** tumor
malignant tumor
26
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | CONTRAINDICATIONS**
____ due to any **heart**, **lung**, **liver**, **kidney** dysfunction
edema
27
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | CONTRAINDICATIONS**
can be **emboli**
venous thrombi (blood clot)
28
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | CONTRAINDICATIONS**
can cause **internal bleeding**
px on **anti-coagulant** drugs (WARFARIN)
29
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | BASIC REQUIREMENTS**
____ as **patient privacy**
ethical issues
30
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | BASIC REQUIREMENTS**
understanding of the **underlying** ____
pathology
31
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | BASIC REQUIREMENTS**
understanding of ____
basic principles of massage
32
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | BASIC REQUIREMENTS**
**PT** must exhibit ____ and ____
patience and courteousness
33
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | BASIC REQUIREMENTS**
____ must be **clean**, **warm**, **dry**, and **soft**
HANDS
34
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | BASIC REQUIREMENTS**
____ must be **short** and **smooth**
NAILS
35
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | BASIC REQUIREMENTS**
* ____ should be **warm**, **well draped**, and in a **comfortable relaxed position**
* body part may be **elevated** if necessary
PATIENT
36
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | BASIC REQUIREMENTS**
massage should **BEGIN** with ____
superficial
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# **MASSAGE THERAPY | BASIC REQUIREMENTS**
each **stroke** should **START** just **below** the ____
joint
38
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | BASIC REQUIREMENTS**
each **stroke** should **FINISH** ____
above the joint
39
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | BASIC REQUIREMENTS**
**Pressure** should be ____
in line with venous flow
40
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | BASIC REQUIREMENTS**
____ should be **avoided** if possible
bony prominences & painful joints
41
# **MASSAGE THERAPY**
it is used to **decrease FRICTION** between patient's skin and clinician's hand
MASSAGE MEDIA
42
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | MASSAGE MEDIA**
**USUAL** medium used
OIL
43
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | MASSAGE MEDIA**
____ should be used on **HAIRY AREAS**
MORE MEDIUM
44
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | MASSAGE MEDIA**
massage can be given **WITHOUT** any medium as during ____
petrissage
45
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | MASSAGE MEDIA**
____ interfere with the **kneading** and **lifting**
lubricants
46
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | EQUIPMENT**
TREATMENT TABLE SHOULD BE:
**adjustable** in ____
height
47
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | MASSAGE MEDIA**
TREATMENT TABLE SHOULD BE:
equipped with a ____ **hole**
face/nose
48
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | MASSAGE MEDIA**
TREATMENT TABLE SHOULD BE:
made in **at least** ____ sections
three
| **two end** portions can be **lifted**
49
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | MASSAGE MEDIA**
TREATMENT TABLE SHOULD BE:
**adjustable** ____
foreram rests
50
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | MASSAGE MEDIA**
TREATMENT TABLE SHOULD BE:
____ **mechanism**
casters & lift/lock
51
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | GENERAL PROCEDURE**
therapist must **assure** ____ to **prevent** fatigue & back ache
good posture
52
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | GENERAL PROCEDURE**
**WEIGHT** should be ____ on **both feet**
evenly distributed
53
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | GENERAL PROCEDURE**
therapist must be able to **FIT HANDS** to the ____ of the area being
contour
54
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | GENERAL PROCEDURE**
A **good position** is required to allow **correct application** of ____ and ____
pressure and rhythmic strokes
55
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | COMPONENTS OF MASSAGE**
* it is the **amount of FORCE of a STROKE** applied to the tissue
* it depends on the desired
* it should be **increased GRADUALLY** and with great care depending on **patient's tolerance**
* massage should **NEVER be painful**, except possibly for **friction massage**
* **direction** of **forces** should be applied in the **direction of the muscle fibers**
* each session should **begin** and **end** with **effleurage**
* **deep** amount of force -- target **3-5 layers** of soft tissue
DEPTH OF PRESSURE
56
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | COMPONENTS OF MASSAGE**
DEPTH OF PRESSURE:
should be **increased** ____ and with great care depending on **patient's tolerance**
GRADUALLY
57
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | COMPONENTS OF MASSAGE**
DEPTH OF PRESSURE:
**direction** of **forces** should be applied in the **direction** of the ____
muscle fibers
58
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | COMPONENTS OF MASSAGE**
DEPTH OF PRESSURE:
**deep** amount of force target ____
3-5 layers of soft tissue
59
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | COMPONENTS OF MASSAGE**
* it is **how FAST or SLOW a stroke** is performed depending on the **desired response**, relaxation or stimulation
* compression applied with **SLOW**, rhythmic presses **flushes lactic acid out of a muscle**; compression done **QUICKLY** pumps **fresh blood into the muscle** and prepares it for action
* in general, **SLOW** strokes **soothe** white **FAST** strokes **wake up**
SPEED
60
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | COMPONENTS OF MASSAGE**
SPEED:
flushes **lactic acid** out of a muscle
SLOW, RHYTHMIC
61
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | COMPONENTS OF MASSAGE**
SPEED:
pumps **fresh blood** into the muscle and prepares it for action
QUICK
62
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | COMPONENTS OF MASSAGE**
SPEED:
**soothe**, **relaxing**
SLOW
63
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | COMPONENTS OF MASSAGE**
SPEED:
**wake up** or **trigger**
FAST
64
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | COMPONENTS OF MASSAGE**
* It is referred to the **OVERALL TONE** of the massage or the **regularity** with which a stroke is applied
* it can be **slow** or **fast**, depending on the desired result
* therapists should **avoid JERKY movement**
* TWO CLASSES OF RHYTHM
* Rhythmic
* Nonrhythmic
RHYTHM
65
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | COMPONENTS OF MASSAGE**
RHYTHM:
**EVEN** and **REGULAR** intervals
RHYTHMIC
66
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | COMPONENTS OF MASSAGE**
RHYTHM:
**UNEVEN** and **IRREGULAR** intervals
NONRHYTHMIC
67
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | COMPONENTS OF MASSAGE**
RHYTHM:
therapists should **avoid** ____
jerky movement
68
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | COMPONENTS OF MASSAGE**
* it is the **LENGTH of time** each stroke lasts during its application or the length of time the **stroke remains on any given body part**
* standard is **30-60 seconds**
* if the desired result is **relaxation** -- **slower**
* Longer refers to the **amount of tissue traversed**
DURATION
69
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | COMPONENTS OF MASSAGE**
DURATION:
**standard**
30-60 seconds
70
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | COMPONENTS OF MASSAGE**
* it is the **PATHWAY** of the stroke
* on the **extremities**, the **direction** is **toward** the **heart**
* **Centripetal**
* **Centrifugal**
DIRECTION
71
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | COMPONENTS OF MASSAGE**
DIRECTION:
**TOWARDS** the heart
centripetal
72
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | COMPONENTS OF MASSAGE**
DIRECTION:
**AWAY** from the heart
ceentrifugal
73
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | COMPONENTS OF MASSAGE**
* it is the **NUMBER OF TIMES** each stroke is performed
* in general, each stroke is performed **at least THREE TIMES** before transition to another stroke or body area
FREQUENCY
74
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS**
**LIGHT**, **SLOW** strokes evoke ____
systemic RELAXATION
75
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS**
**FAST**, **DEEP** strokes increase ____ to the area
blood flow
76
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS**
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:
**Vigorous** massage **improves circulation** by increasing ____
venous return
77
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS**
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:
**Vigorous** massage has **NO** increase in ____, ____, ____
cardiac output, BP, or arterial blood flow
78
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS**
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:
**DECREASED** heart rate & blood pressure are obtained if the purpose is ____
relaxation
79
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS**
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:
**REMOVAL** of ____ and **OVERCOMING** ____
metabolites, venous stasis
80
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS**
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:
**Increased** ____
capillary dilation
81
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS**
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:
**STIMULATION** of ____
cell metabolism
82
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS**
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:
**RESOLUTION** of ____ and ____
chronic edema and hematoma
83
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS**
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:
massage can **LOOSEN** ____ from the **bronchial tree** and **improve respiration**
adherent mucous
84
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS**
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM:
**improves** ____
muscle length
85
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS**
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM:
**prevents** ____
spasm
86
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS**
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM:
obtains **RELAXATION** induced by ____ of skin
SLOW SUPERFICIAL STROKING
87
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS**
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM:
Obtains **STIMULATION** through ____ causing **muscle contraction**
quick brisk strokes
88
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS**
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM:
increases **EXTENSIBILITY** of the ____
connective tissues
89
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS**
MASSAGE CAN REDUCE PAIN BY:
**DECREASING pressure** from ____ or ____
swelling or edema
90
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS**
MASSAGE CAN REDUCE PAIN BY:
massage can **RELEASE** ____ to relieve pain
endorphins
91
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS**
MASSAGE CAN REDUCE PAIN BY:
increasing ____ and encouraging ____ removal
blood flow, waste products
92
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS**
MASSAGE CAN REDUCE PAIN BY:
**ACTIVATING** ____ that inhibit pain
sensory nerves
93
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS**
techniques that **STRETCH** a muscle, **ELONGATE** fascia, or **MOBILIZE** soft tissue adhesions or restrictions
MECHANICAL TECHNIQUES
94
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS**
MECHANICAL EFFECTS:
are **ALWAYS** accompanied by ____
reflex effects
95
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS**
**DIRECT** effects
MECHANICAL EFFECTS
96
# **MASSAGE THERAPY | PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS**
* increases **skin temperature**, **sweating**, decrease resistance to **electrical current**
* **softens** the skin
* removes **dead cells** present on the skin surface
* **stretches** and breaks down **fibrous tissues**
SKIN
97
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
* It may be performed **slowly** for **relaxation** or **rapidly** to encourage **blood flow** and **stimulate** the **tissues**
* **ONE** hand should always be **in contact** with skin
* performed at the **beginning** and **end** of massage or may be used **between petrissage strokes**
EFFLEURAGE
98
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
EFFLEURAGE is also known as
stroking
99
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
MASSAGE TECHNIQUES are made by
Dr. Albert
100
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
EFFLEURAGE:
at **beginning**
relaxes the body area to be treated
101
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
EFFLEURAGE:
at **end**
calms down any irritated areas
102
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
EFFLEURAGE:
when performed with **PALM** of hand, it stimulates ____
deep tissues
103
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
EFFLEURAGE:
when performed with **FINGERTIPS**, it stimulates ____
sensory nerves
104
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
EFFLEURAGE:
in ____, _____, the hands **contour** the body or relates to **direction** of underlying muscles
superficial, rhythmic strokes
105
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
EFFLEURAGE:
in ____, the hands follow course of **veins** and **lymph vessels**
deep stroking
106
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
* also referred to **milking** or **wringing**
* it is **lifting** and **kneading** of skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscles
* performed with **fingers** or **hands**
* the stroke is perhaps the **hardest stroke** since it involves the use of the **āCā** part of the hand (the **webbing** as the **primary pressure point**)
* it **frees adhesions** by stretching and separating the muscle fiber, fascia, and scar tissue while assisting venous return and milking out waste products
* it always follows **effleurage** to further warm the muscle tissue
* compression of the underlying skin and muscle between the fingers and thumb or between the two hands of the practitioner
main mechanical effect is **compression** and subsequent **release** of **soft tissue**, **reactive blood flow**, and **neuroreflexive response** to flow
PETRISSAGE
107
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
PETRISSAGE:
is also referred to as
milking or wringing
108
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
PETRISSAGE:
performed with
fingers or hand
109
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
PETRISSAGE:
it **frees adhesions** by ____ and ____ the muscle fiber, fascia, & scar tossue while assisting **venous return** and **milking out waste products**
stretching and separating
110
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
PETRISSAGE:
**main mechanical effect**
compression and subsequent release of soft tissue
111
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
* the goal is to **MOBILIZE** muscle, tendon, scar tissue, and **separate adhesions** that restrict movement and cause pain
* TYPES:
* Circular
Friction
112
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
FRICTION:
* applied with **THUMBS** working in **circular motion**
* effective in treating **muscle spasm** and **trigger points**
CIRCULAR
113
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
* applied with **thumbs** or **fingertips** stroking the tissue from **OPPOSITE directions**
* it reached the **deep tissues**
* BEGINS **lightly** and then move to **firmer strokes**
* muscles should be placed in **relaxed** position
* should be **avoided** in **acute conditions**
* effective in **tendonitis** or **adhesions**
TRANSVERSE
114
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
TRANSVERSE:
applied with ____ or ____
thumbs or fingetips
115
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
TRANSVERSE:
strokes the tissue from ____ directions
opposite
116
117
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
TRANSVERSE:
begins ____
lightly
118
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
TRANSVERSE:
muscles should be **placed** in a ____ position
relaxed
119
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
TRANSVERSE:
should be **AVOIDED** in ____ conditions
acute
120
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
TRANSVERSE:
effective in ____ or _____
tendonitis or adhesions
121
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
* also known as **percussion**
* GAOL: to **wake up** / **stimulate** the nerves
* **gentle tapping** or ** pounding** of the skin
* it is a percussion stroke with the blow being immediately pulled off the muscle as soon as the hand strikes
TAPOTEMENT
122
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES | TAPOTEMENT**
TYPES OF TAPOTEMENT:
* is performed using the **ULNAR** side of the hands in **alternating BLOWS** with the **wrists** kept **loose**
HACKING
123
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES | TAPOTEMENT**
TYPES OF TAPOTEMENT:
* is performed with the **ULNAR** side of the hand and **loose FISTS**
BEATING
124
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES | TAPOTEMENT**
TYPES OF TAPOTEMENT:
* is performed with the **PALMAR** side of the hand in **CONCAVE** position
CUPPING
125
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES | TAPOTEMENT**
TYPES OF TAPOTEMENT:
* is performed with the **PALMAR** side of the hand with usually **MORE FINGER SURFACE** than palm
SLAPPING
126
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES | TAPOTEMENT**
TYPES OF TAPOTEMENT:
* as **BEATING** and **PINCHING** are both performed using the **FINGERTIPS**
TAPPING
127
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
* a **fine**, **gentle trembling** movement of the tissues which is performed by **hand/fingers**
VIBRATION
128
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
a **large movement** performed **more vigorously**
SHAKING
129
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
* can be performed on the **ABDOMINAL AREA** to **aid digestion**
* it can be used to promote **tone** in **colon** and to relieve **constipation**
VIBRATION AND SHAKING
130
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
VIBRATION AND SHAKING:
* aid **digestion**
* promote **tone** in **colon** and relieve **constipation**
ABDOMINAL AREA
131
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
VIBRATION AND SHAKING:
* beneficial for **RESPIRATORY** problems
* sometimes, in **combination** with the **tapotement** movements
THORACIC AREA and CHEST
132
133
# **MASSAGE TECHNIQUES**
TRANSVERSE:
it reaches the ____
deep tissues
