M6 CONCEPTS

Question 1

involves identifying all the necessary activities essential for successfully completing a project

Answer 1

Project Planning

Question 2

entails establishing the sequential order of these planned activities, allocating realistic durations to each, and determining their start and finish dates.

Answer 2

Project Scheduling

Question 3

to monitor the volume, expenses, and schedule of work needed for the project’s successful completion

Answer 3

Project Control

Question 4

an integration of the individual plans developed by each of the functional areas of the organization involved in the project

Answer 4

Project Sumary Plan

Question 5

• actual work planned (Work Package)
• represents the process of doing something
• consumes resources and time

Answer 5

Task

Question 6

• signifies a moment in time
• usually the instant when something is started or finished

Answer 6

Event

Question 7

• an event which signifies a major occurrence
• signifies progress and is an important measure of project performance

Answer 7

Milestone

Question 8

Two General Methods commonly used in Project Planning

Answer 8

1. Bar Chart - Gantt Chart
2. Critical Path Method - Network Analysis System

Question 9

• a graphical time-scale of the schedule.
• an effective technique for overall project scheduling
• Developed by Henry L. Gantt (1861-1919) during World War I

Answer 9

Bar Chart (Gantt Chart)

Question 10

Uses of Gantt Charts

Answer 10

• Assessment of status of work elements
• Manpower planning
• Resource allocation
• Budgeting

Question 11

Disadvantages of Gantt Chart

Answer 11

• does not show work element interrelationships (effects of delayed elements to others)
• effects of delay
• which activities can be postponed

Question 12

Sometimes called precedence networks, it is considered an analytical tool as well as a presentation material. Through the logical relationships established between linked activities, the dependence and impacts of delays or problems can be traced.

Answer 12

Logic Diagrams

Question 13

o comprehensive method for project planning, scheduling, and controlling
o coordinating work showing interdependences of activities

Answer 13

Network Analysis System (NAS)

Question 14

Within the context of NAS, is the performance of a task required to complete the project

Answer 14

Activity

Question 15

diagrams that represent the relationship of activities to complete the project Network

Answer 15

Networks

Question 16

amount of time an activity may be delayed without delaying project completion

Answer 16

Total Float (TF)

TF = LF - EF or TF = LS - ES

Question 17

The amount of time an activity may be delayed without delaying the early start time of the immediately following activity.

Answer 17

Free Float (FF) or Slack

FF(i) = ES(j) - EF(i)

Question 18

A series of interconnected activities through the network diagram, with each activity having zero, free and total float time. Determines the minimum time to complete the project.

Answer 18

Critical Path

Question 19

An activity (represented by a dotted line on the arrow network diagram) that indicates that any activity following the [Blank] cannot be started until the activity or activities preceding the [Blank] are completed. Does not require any time.

Answer 19

Dummy Activity

Question 20

o developed in 1956 by the DuPont Company
o Common in the engineering and construction industry
o provides interrelationships of activities and scheduling of costs and resources
o is an effective technique for overall project scheduling and detailed scheduling of construction

Answer 20

Critical Path Method (CPM)

Question 21

TRUE OR FALSE

CPM is deterministic, it uses one (1) time estimate

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

Assumptions of CPM

Answer 22

• The estimated completion time for a project can be shortened by applying additional resources to key activities.
• Assumes that the time to perform any activity is variable, depending on the amount of effort of the resources applied to it .

Question 23

• a graphical representation of the status of accomplishment of a project, as formally defined here.
• This is also the most common indicator of progress to the Client or Contractor tracking the work.
• This tool would also become the basis for periodic cash flow.

Answer 23

S-curve

Question 24

The purpose is for the clients to know terms of payments. This is produce when the schedule is combined with cash-flow.

Answer 24

Periodic Cash Flow

Question 25

# **Type of S-curve** Client- more initial resources Contractor- paid for work that has less necessary value

Answer 25

Front Loaded S-curve

Question 26

# **Type of S-curve** Client: + pays little at the beginning. - quality of job may be compromised Contractor: + is always ahead - shells out own resources at the onset.

Answer 26

End Loaded S-curve

Question 27

* developed in 1957 for the Polaris Missile System Program * principally developed for projects where there is much **uncertainty** * uncertainty in the duration is addressed by using **three (3) time estimates**

Answer 27

Program/Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

Question 28

minimum time an activity could take (when the situation goes well) - normal effort level

Answer 28

Optimistic Time (a or t_o)

Question 29

maximum time an activity could take (bad luck is encountered every step of the way) –excludes environmental snags {disasters, strikes, etc}

Answer 29

Pessimistic Time (b or t_p)

Question 30

normal time for job completion time which would occur most frequently if the job were repeated over and over

Answer 30

Most likely Time (m or t_m)

Question 31

* when the maximum effort is applied so that the activity can be completed in the shortest possible time * represents the shortest duration and the greatest cost

Answer 31

Crashed Condition

Question 32

represents the time-cost relationship or the marginal trade-off of cost-to-time for the activity

Answer 32

Cost Slope

Question 33

represents the point on the distribution where there Is a 50% chance of completion.

Answer 33

Expected Time (t_e)

Question 34

Formula for Expected Time (t_e)

Answer 34

t(e) = (a + 4m + b)/6 or t(e) = [t(o) + 4t(m) + t(p)]/6

Question 35

Formula for Variance

Answer 35

var = [(b-a)/6]^2 or var = [(t(p) - t(o))/6]^2 | sd = [t(p) - t(o)]/6

Question 36

Formula for Z score

Answer 36

Z = [t_estimate - t(e)]/sd