Machines and computational models Flashcards
(14 cards)
What is the INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT model?
A model where a computer takes input, processes it according to rules, and provides output.
This model outlines the basic functioning of a computer system.
What defines an embedded system?
A combination of computer hardware and software designed for a specific function.
It typically includes a processor, memory, and input/output peripherals.
Where are embedded computers commonly found?
In phones, microwaves, airplanes, automobiles, and calculators.
Embedded systems are integrated into many everyday devices.
What elements make a calculator an embedded system?
Integrated circuits, microprocessor, CPU, LCD screen, keyboard sensors, and a basic program.
These components allow it to perform mathematical calculations.
List examples of standalone embedded systems.
- Digital cameras
- Digital wristwatches
- MP3 players
- Refrigerators
- Washing machines
- Microwave ovens
- Temperature measurement systems
- Calculators
Standalone systems perform specific functions independently.
What characteristics do embedded systems possess?
They are designed to be reliable and operate for long periods without failure.
This reliability is crucial for devices used in critical applications.
What is the INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT-STORAGE model?
An extension of the INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT model that includes storage capabilities.
This model emphasizes the importance of data storage in computing.
What do computational models describe?
How algorithms are executed by a machine.
Different models illustrate various processing methods.
What is the sequential model in computational processing?
Following instructions in an algorithm step by step from start to finish.
This model emphasizes order and linearity in execution.
Define a parallel algorithm.
An algorithm that can be executed simultaneously on multiple processing devices.
This approach can significantly speed up processing times.
What requirements are needed for a parallel processing system?
- An operating system that supports multiple processors
- Software programs capable of distributing processes equally.
These elements are essential for effective parallel execution.
What is a multi-agent system?
A system where multiple decision-making agents interact in a shared environment to achieve goals.
It represents a decentralized approach to problem-solving.
How do agents in a multi-agent system operate?
Independently (autonomously) and in a decentralized way.
This autonomy allows for flexibility and adaptability in tasks.
What is a practical example of a multi-agent system?
Organizing a holiday where agents search, compare deals, negotiate prices, and book transport.
This illustrates how agents can collaborate to fulfill complex tasks.
