Macromolecule #1: Carbohydrates Quiz

Question 1

Carbs can be classified as?

Answer 1

Simple and complex carbs

Question 2

What are the two groups of simple carbs?

Answer 2

Monosaccharides and Disaccharides.
-Mono meaning one.
-Saccharide = sugar and Di means two

Question 3

Glucose (Monosaccharide)

Answer 3

(Look at sketch of shape)
Formula: C6H12O6
-It is the most abundant sugar molecule in our diet and is a good energy source.
-Added sugar

Question 4

Fructose (Monosaccharide)

Answer 4

(Look at sketch of shape)
Formula: C6H12O6
-It is the sweetest natural sugar and is found in fruit, high-fructose corn syrup, vegetables, wheat, etc.
-Natural sugar

Question 5

Galactose (Monosaccharide)

Answer 5

(Look at sketch of shape)
Formula: C6H12O6
-It does not occur alone in foods, it binds with glucose to form lactose.
-Simple sugar
-Added sugar

Question 6

Lactose (Disaccharide)

Answer 6

-Glucose + Galactose
Formula: C12H22O11
- It is commonly found in dairy products and sugar.

Question 7

Maltose (Disaccharide)

Answer 7

-Glucose + Glucose
Formula: C12H22O11
-It is commonly found in starch molecules.

Question 8

Sucrose (Disaccharide)

Answer 8

-Glucose + Fructose
Formula: C12H22O11
-It is commonly found in sugar came, sugar beets, honey, etc.

Question 9

Starch (Polysaccharides)

Answer 9

(Look at sketch)
-It is made of glucose.
-Stored in plants.
-It is found in grains, legumes, and tubers.

Question 10

Glycogen (Polysaccharides)

Answer 10

(Look at sketch)
-It is made of glucose.
-Stored in liver and muscles of animals.
-It can’t be found in foods.

Question 11

Fiber (Polysaccharides)

Answer 11

(Look at sketch)
-Made of glucose.
-Stored in structure of leaves, stems, and plants.
-Can be found in grains, rice, seeds, etc.

Question 12

What is soluble fiber? Give examples

Answer 12

-Dissolves in water.
-Easily digested by bacteria in the colon.
-Promotes softer bowel movement
Ex) Citrus fruits, berries, oats, beans, etc.

Question 13

What is insoluble fiber? Give examples

Answer 13

-Does not dissolve in water.
-Promotes regular bowel movements, alleviate constipation, and reduce risk for deverticulosis.
Ex) Found in grains, and many vegetables.

Question 14

Carbs are an excellent source of what? How many calories of energy does carbs provide per gram?

Answer 14

-Carbs are an excellent source of energy.
They provide four calories of energy per gram.

Question 15

How does carbs fuel daily activity?

Answer 15

-Our bodies rely mainly on carbs and fat for energy for daily activity.

Question 16

How does carbs fuel exercise?

Answer 16

-As exercise intensity increases, the body starts to use more carbs and less fat.
-Almost 100% of our energy comes from carbs.

Question 17

What is Ketosis? Why is it important? What is Ketoacidosis and why is it dangerous?

Answer 17

-Without proper carbs, the body breaks down stored fat in a process called Ketosis which produces a fuel called Ketones. If it continues for a long period, to0 many ketones in the blood can lead to ketoacidosis.
-Ketoacidosis interferes harmfully with the body such as high blood acidity, loss of lean body mass, damages body tissues, can lead to a coma and death.

Question 18

List 3 benefits of including finer in our diet

Answer 18

1.May reduce the risk of colon cancer.
2.May reduce the risk of heart disease.
3.Can enhance weight loss because we feel fuller.

Question 19

If glucose is not needed for immediately for energy, where is it released to?

Answer 19

The blood stream.

Question 20

If glucose is not need for immediate energy it will be stored as what in what body parts?

Answer 20

It will be stores as glycogen in the liver and muscles.

Question 21

When eating a meal what do glucose levels do?

Answer 21

Rise

Question 22

Glucose needs assistance from what hormones?

Answer 22

Insulin

Question 23

What organ releases the hormone (Insulin)?

Answer 23

Pancreas

Question 24

Summarize the two jobs of the pancreas

Answer 24

1.Helps transport glucose from the blood into cells.
2.Stimulates the liver and muscles to take in glucose and convert it to glycogen.

Question 25

When you have not eaten in sometime, blood glucose levels do what?

Answer 25

Decline

Question 26

The when glucose levels decline the pancreas releases a different hormone called?

Answer 26

Glucagon

Question 27

Summarize the two jobs of glucagon

Answer 27

1.Stimulates breakdown of glycogen in liver into glucose for energy.
2.Produces “new “ glucose from amino acids floating in blood and/or tissues such as muscles. Essentially, it eats away at your own body for food.

Question 28

Explain Hypoglycemia

Answer 28

Blood glucose levels fall lower than normal levels which can leave someone feeling shaky and hungry.

Question 29

When can hypoglycemia happen?

Answer 29

-To diabetics who aren’t getting proper treatment.
-To non-diabetics whose pancreas secretes too much insulin after a high carb meal. The body clears glucose out of the blood to quickly.