Macromolecule #2: Lipids

Question 1

What are the three types of “fats” commonly found in food?

Answer 1

-Triglycerides
-Phospholipids
-Sterols

Question 2

What are the two basic types of Lipids found in food?

Answer 2

-Solid Lipids which is called fats
EX) Butter
-Liquid Lipids which is called oils.
EX) Olive oil

Question 3

Define Triglyceride

Answer 3

A molecule consisting of three fatty acids attached to three-carbon glycerol backbone.

Question 4

What are the three types of Triglycerides?

Answer 4

-Saturated fatty acids
-Monounsaturated fatty acids
-Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Question 5

Describe Saturated Fatty Acids

Answer 5

-They have hydrogen atoms surrounding every carbon in the chain.
-They have no double bonds.
-Some examples are butter, cream, and lard.

Question 6

Describe Monounsaturated Fatty Acids

Answer 6

-They lack hydrogen atoms in one region.
-They have one double bond.
-Some examples are olive oil and canola oil.

Question 7

Describe Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Answer 7

-They lack hydrogen atoms in multiple locations.
-They have two or more double bonds.
-Some examples are safflower oil, and walnuts.

Question 8

Describe the Hydrogenation process

Answer 8

Pressurized hydrogen molecules are inserted at diagonally opposite sides of the double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids.

Question 9

Why does Hydrogenation do this?

Answer 9

It converts liquid fats (oils) into a semisolid (spreadable) or solid form.
Unsaturated -> Trans

Question 10

Define Phospholipids

Answer 10

Consist of two fatty acids and a glycerol backbone with another compound that contains phosphate.

Question 11

What benefit does a phosphate group give to a lipid?

Answer 11

It makes it soluble in water.

Question 12

Where does the diagram show phospholipids’ properties to be very useful in the body?

Answer 12

Cell membranes

Question 13

Define Sterols

Answer 13

A type of lipid found in foods containing four fused rings of carbon atoms

Question 14

Cholesterol is an important Sterol. In what two ways do our bodies get he cholesterol it needs?

Answer 14

-Fatty parts of animal products such as butter, egg yolk, whole milk, etc.
-Low or reduced fat animal products such as lean meats, and skim milk.

Question 15

How many days of stored carbohydrates do our bodies typically contain?

Answer 15

1-2 days

Question 16

The AMDR for fat is what % of total energy?

Answer 16

20-35%

Question 17

Define hidden fats and list four examples

Answer 17

Fats added to processed or prepared foods to improve texture or taste, which we may not be aware of, or that occur naturally.
Ex)Cookies, hot dog, chips, etc.

Question 18

Are fats insoluble or soluble?

Answer 18

Insoluble

Question 19

When is fat a major fuel source?

Answer 19

When at rest.

Question 20

Where is fat stored?

Answer 20

In the adipose tissue.

Question 21

List four benefits of fat

Answer 21

1. Enable transport of fat-soluble vitamins.
2. Is essential to many body and cell functions.
3. Protects internal organs and allows body to retain heat.
4. Adds flavour and texture to food.

Question 22

Define visible fat and list four examples

Answer 22

Fats we can see in foods or can easily have been added to foods.
EX) Butter, salad dressing, chicken skin, etc.