macromolecules

Question 1

among the 46 minerals, how many are recognized as vital?

Answer 1

21

Question 2

human body cnotains how many minerals? ___

Answer 2

46

Question 3

what are the essential macromolecules

Answer 3

caclium
phosphorus
chloride
phosphorus
potassium
sodium
sulfur

Question 4

RDA of macromolecules

Answer 4

100mg/day

Question 5

macromolecules are necessary in?

Answer 5

building bones
maintaining body fluids
maintaining proper pH in the body tissues
transmitting nerve impulse
maintaining cell membrane structure
facilitating enzyme action

Question 6

the most abundant mineral in the body

Answer 6

calcium

Question 7

It used structurally to build bones and teeth and
also as a messenger in cell signaling

Answer 7

calcium

Question 8

More than 99% of the calcium in the body is
stored in bone as

Answer 8

hydroxyapatite

Question 9

calcium deficiency can lead to?

Answer 9

osteoporosis

Question 10

calcium deficiency in children can cause? though these are more common by Vit D deficiency

Answer 10

rickets

Question 11

these macromolecule can be found in small fish, shellfish, cereals, green leafy vegetables, and dairy products

Answer 11

calcium

Question 12

IS ONE OFTHE MOST IMPORTANTIONS IN
THE BODY

Answer 12

calcium

Question 13

low blood levels of calcium in the blood

Answer 13

hypocalcemia

Question 14

too much calcium in the blood

Answer 14

hypercalcemia

Question 15

UL of calcium

Answer 15

2500mg daily

Question 16

UL of calcium for ages 50 above

Answer 16

less than 2000mg

Question 17

the second most
common cation found in the
body (about 25g).

Answer 17

magnesium

Question 18

an alkaline earth metal

Answer 18

magnesium

Question 19

how many % of total body magnesium is found in all of the compartments of our body

Answer 19

1%

Question 20

role of magnesium homeostasis

Answer 20

controls the efficacy of intestinal absorption and loss through urine

Question 21

how many % of magnesium is absorbed in a meal

Answer 21

20 - 70%

Question 22

widely used by the body for metabolic processes;
its functions include energy production, synthesis in
biomolecules, and as a structural component of cell
membranes and chromosomes

Answer 22

magnesium

Question 23

is found in a
variety of nutrient-dense
foods, including dark
chocolate, whole grains,
nuts, seeds, legumes,
and several fruits and
vegetables

Answer 23

magnesium

Question 24

function of Mg

Answer 24

regulates muscle and nerve function
regulates BPmakes protein, bone and DNA

Question 25

results in inadequate dietary intake of magnesium symptoms include muscle cramps, tremor, weakness, fatigue and irregular heart rhythms

Answer 25

hypomagnesemia

Question 26

symptoms of hypocalcemia

Answer 26

muscle spasms, numbness and convulsions

Question 27

magnesium deficiency can affect potassium levels, leading to symptoms such as muscle weakness and irregular heart rhythms

Answer 27

hypokalemia

Question 28

in cardiovascular, low Mg can contribute to?

Answer 28

high BP, arryhthmias and increased risk of CVD

Question 29

inadequate magnesium intake may affect insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, contributing to the development of????

Answer 29

type 2 diabetes

Question 30

severe magnesium deficiency can lead to more serious neuromuscular and nervous system disorders, including seizures and hallucinations

Answer 30

NEUROMUSCULAR AND NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS

Question 31

Helps maintain fluid levels in the body and supports the functioning of the kidneys, heart, muscles, and nervous system

Answer 31

potassium

Question 32

Help manage blood pressure by reducing the negative impact of sodium.

Answer 32

potassium

Question 33

AI of potassium for male and female

Answer 33

Male : 3400mg Female : 2600mg

Question 34

an important component of two amino-acids, cysteine and methionine, that are used in most proteins of the body.

Answer 34

sulfur

Question 35

not typically considered a “nutrient” in the same way as vitamins and minerals, it is an essential element that contributes to overall health and well-being

Answer 35

sulfur

Question 36

sulfur is abundant in?

Answer 36

protein rich foods

Question 37

mainly found in ECF and is fully water soluble as the chloride anion

Answer 37

chloride

Question 38

is passively distributed throughout the body and moves to replace anions lost to cells via other processes.

Answer 38

chloride

Question 39

main excretory of chloride?

Answer 39

urine

Question 40

metabolic function of chloride anion

Answer 40

regulation of osmotic and electrolyte balance dissociates HCL in the stomach and in electrolyte plasma in exchange with bicarbonate ion

Question 41

high salt intake can lead to?

Answer 41

gastric cancer

Question 42

RDA of sodium and chloride

Answer 42

500 and 750 mg/day

Question 43

the most abundant mineral in the body next to calcium

Answer 43

phosphorus

Question 44

about how many % of the body's phosphorus is in bones and teeth.

Answer 44

85

Question 45

Phosphorus helps filter out waste in the ??

Answer 45

kidneys

Question 46

pediatric intake of phosphorus

Answer 46

0-6 M - 100mg daily 7-12M - 275mg 1-3yo - 460mg 4-8yo - 500 9-18yo - 1250

Question 47

RDA of adults, 19 years and older

Answer 47

700mg

Question 48

RDA of pregnant and lactating females under 18years

Answer 48

1250mg

Question 49

RDA of pregnant and lactating females 19years and older

Answer 49

700mg

Question 50

phosphorus deficiency is called

Answer 50

HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA

Question 51

low blood levels of phosphorus

Answer 51

hypophosphatemia

Question 52

The most common causes of deficiency in phosphorus

Answer 52

hyperparathyroidism

Question 53

too much parathyroid hormone is released that causes phosphorus to exit the body through urine.

Answer 53

hyperparathyroidism

Question 54

the most important electrolytes needed for the regulation of blood

Answer 54

sodium

Question 55

maintains normal water balance inside and outside the cells, and helps maintain body neutrality by counteracting acid-forming substances in the blood

Answer 55

sodium

Question 56

table salt contains how many % of sodium

Answer 56

40%

Question 57

maximum intake of sodium per day

Answer 57

1000-1500mg

Question 58

are minerals that are required in large amounts in the human body

Answer 58

macrominerals